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Re: Oh noes, fire alarm!

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Muunswirl is not online. Muunswirl
Joined: 20 Mar 2010
Total Posts: 20702
26 Sep 2016 07:39 AM
Thanks for taking me out of one of my only lessons today, fire alarm.
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AbnormalAbscence is not online. AbnormalAbscence
Joined: 21 Nov 2013
Total Posts: 2693
26 Sep 2016 07:39 AM
A fire alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors, and heat detectors. Alarms can be either motorised bells or wall mountable sounders or horns. They can also be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which warn people inside the building not to use the elevators. They may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Fire alarm sounders can be set to certain frequencies and different tones including low, medium and high, depending on the country and manufacturer of the device. Most fire alarm systems in Europe sound like a siren with alternating frequencies. Fire alarm sounders in the United States and Canada can be either continuous or set to different codes such as Code 3. Fire alarm warning devices can also be set to different volume levels. Smaller buildings may have the alarm set to a lower volume and larger buildings may have alarms set to a higher level.


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AbnormalAbscence is not online. AbnormalAbscence
Joined: 21 Nov 2013
Total Posts: 2693
26 Sep 2016 07:40 AM
After the fire protection goals are established – usually by referencing the minimum levels of protection mandated by the appropriate model building code, insurance agencies, and other authorities – the fire alarm designer undertakes to detail specific components, arrangements, and interfaces necessary to accomplish these goals. Equipment specifically manufactured for these purposes is selected and standardized installation methods are anticipated during the design. In the United States, NFPA 72, The National Fire Alarm Code is an established and widely used installation standard. In Canada the ULC is the standard for the fire system. The equivalent standard in the United Kingdom is BS 5839 Part 1.

EN 54 is a mandatory standard for fire detection and fire alarm systems in the European Union, aiming to establish harmonised technical standards against which products in the field should be benchmarked and certified by a qualified testing house known as a Notified Body. Every product for fire alarm systems must achieve the standards laid out in EN 54 in order to properly carry a CE mark, which is in turn required if the product is to be delivered and installed in any country of the EU. It is a standard widely used around the world.[1]


Pull station
Parts[edit]

A Honeywell DeltaNet FS90 fire alarm control panel
Fire alarm control panel (FACP) AKA fire alarm control unit (FACU); This component, the hub of the system, monitors inputs and system integrity, controls outputs and relays information.
Primary power supply: Commonly the non-switched 120 or 240 volt alternating current source supplied from a commercial power utility. In non-residential applications, a branch circuit is dedicated to the fire alarm system and its constituents. "Dedicated branch circuits" should not be confused with "Individual branch circuits" which supply energy to a single appliance.
Secondary (backup) power supplies: This component, commonly consisting of sealed lead-acid storage batteries or other emergency sources including generators, is used to supply energy in the event of a primary power failure.
Initiating devices: This component acts as an input to the fire alarm control unit and are either manually or automatically activated. Examples would be devices pull stations, heat detectors, or smoke detectors. Heat and smoke detectors have different categories of both kinds. Some categories are beam, photoelectrical, aspiration, and duct.

A publicly accessible alarm box on a street in San Francisco
Notification appliances: This component uses energy supplied from the fire alarm system or other stored energy source, to inform the proximate persons of the need to take action, usually to evacuate. This is done by means of a flashing light, strobe light, electromechanical horn, "beeper horn", chime, bell, speaker, or a combination of these devices. The System Sensor Spectralert Advance Horn makes a beeping sound and electromechanical sound together. Strobes are either made of a xenon tube (most common), or now LED lights.
Building safety interfaces: This interface allows the fire alarm system to control aspects of the built environment and to prepare the building for fire, and to control the spread of smoke fumes and fire by influencing air movement, lighting, process control, human transport and exit.


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AbnormalAbscence is not online. AbnormalAbscence
Joined: 21 Nov 2013
Total Posts: 2693
26 Sep 2016 07:41 AM
Initiating devices[edit]
Manually actuated devices; also known as fire alarm boxes, manual pull stations, or simply pull stations, break glass stations, call points or buttons. Devices for manual fire alarm activation are installed to be readily located (near the exits), identified, and operated.
Automatically actuated devices can take many forms intended to respond to ### ###### of detectable physical changes associated with fire: convected thermal energy; heat detector, products of combustion; smoke detector, radiant energy; flame detector, combustion gasses; fire gas detector, and release of extinguishing agents; water-flow detector. The newest innovations can use cameras and computer algorithms to analyze the visible effects of fire and movement in applications inappropriate for or hostile to other detection methods.[2]
Notification appliances[edit]
Main article: Fire alarm notification appliance

A Honeywell speaker and a Space Age Electronics V33 remote light
Notification Appliances utilize audible, visible, tactile, textual or even olfactory stimuli (odorizer)[3][4] to alert the occupants of the need to evacuate or take action in the event of fire or other emergency. Evacuation signals may consist of simple appliances that transmit uncoded information, coded appliances that transmit a predetermined pattern, and or appliances that transmit audible and visible textual information such as live or pre-recorded instructions, and illuminated message displays.
In the United States, fire alarm evacuation signals generally consist of a standardized audible tone, with visual notification in all public and common use areas. Emergency signals are intended to be distinct and understandable to avoid confusion with other signals.
Temporal Code 3 is the most common audible in a modern system. It consists of a repeated 3-pulse cycle (.5s on .5s off .5s on .5s off .5s on 1.5s off). Voice Evacuation is the second most common audible in a modern system. Continuous is not common in a new building or old building with modern system, but is found in lots of schools and older buildings. Other methods include:

Audible textual appliances, which are employed as part of a fire alarm system that includes Emergency Voice Alarm Communications (EVAC) capabilities. High reliability speakers are used to notify the occupants of the need for action in connection with a fire or other emergency. These speakers are employed in large facilities where general undirected evacuation is considered impracticable or undesirable. The signals from the speakers are used to direct the occupant's response. The system may be controlled from one or more locations within the building known as Fire Wardens Stations, or from a single location designated as the building Fire Command Center. Speakers are automatically actuated by the fire alarm system in a fire event, and following a pre-alert tone, selected groups of speakers may transmit one or more prerecorded messages directing the occupants to safety. These messages may be repeated in one or more languages. Trained personnel activating and speaking into a dedicated microphone can suppress the replay of automated messages in order to initiate or relay real time voice instructions.[5]
Emergency voice alarm communication systems[edit]
Some fire alarm systems utilize emergency voice alarm communication systems (EVACS) [6] to provide pre-recorded and manual voice messages. Voice Alarm systems are typically used in high-rise buildings, arenas and other large "defend-in-place" occupancies such as Hospitals and Detention facilities where total evacuation is difficult to achieve.[citation needed]
Voice-based systems provide response personnel with the ability to conduct orderly evacuation and notify building occupants of changing event circumstances.[citation needed]
In high rise buildings, different evacuation messages may be played to each floor, depending on the location of the fire. The floor the fire is on along with ones above it may be told to evacuate while floors much lower may simply be asked to stand by.[citation needed]
Mass notification systems/emergency communication systems[edit]
New codes and standards introduced around 2010 especially the new UL Standard 2572, the U.S. Department of Defense's UFC 4-021-01 Design and O&M Mass Notification Systems, and NFPA 72 2010 edition Chapter 24 have led Fire Alarm System Manufacturers to expand their systems voice evacuation capabilities to support new requirements for mass notification including support for multiple types of emergency messaging (i.e. inclement weather emergency, security alerts, amber alerts). The major requirements of a mass notification system are to provide prioritized messaging according to the local facilities emergency response plan. The emergency response team must define the priority of potential emergency events at site and the fire alarm system must be able to support the promotion and demotion of notifications based on this emergency response plan. Emergency Communication System's also have requirements for visible notification in coordination with any audible notification activities to meet requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Many manufacturers have made efforts to certify their equipment to meet these new and emerging standards. Mass notification system categories include the following:
Tier 1 systems are in-building and provide the highest level of survivability
Tier 2 systems are out of the building and provide the middle level of survivability
Tier 3 systems are "At Your Side" and provide the lowest level of survivability
Mass notification systems often extend the notification appliances of a standard fire alarm system to include PC based workstations, text based digital signage, and a variety of remote notification options including email, text message, RSS feed, or IVR based telephone text-to-speech messaging.




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Muunswirl is not online. Muunswirl
Joined: 20 Mar 2010
Total Posts: 20702
26 Sep 2016 07:42 AM
stop
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Aveeo is not online. Aveeo
Joined: 28 Apr 2012
Total Posts: 26934
26 Sep 2016 07:43 AM
I hate fire alarms. They hurt my ears.

Respect the science!
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AbnormalAbscence is not online. AbnormalAbscence
Joined: 21 Nov 2013
Total Posts: 2693
26 Sep 2016 07:43 AM
lol ok


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Muunswirl is not online. Muunswirl
Joined: 20 Mar 2010
Total Posts: 20702
26 Sep 2016 07:44 AM
At least it stopped a couple of noobs in my class watching Undertale AMVs
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