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Re: Turkish verb conjugation part 2

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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
Total Posts: 885
25 Mar 2016 01:51 AM
This is continued from...

http://forum.roblox.com/Forum/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=185998350

I wanted to make another thread for it. I don't want to put so much information on just one thread.

So, on that thread, you learned about a few tenses, some verb vocabulary, some vowel harmony and consonant harmony, the pronouns, and the personal suffixes.

Let's move on to a new tense now. The inferential past tense. I'll post about it on the second post after this.
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
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25 Mar 2016 01:58 AM
Inferential past tense. What does that even mean? Well, there's no equivalent of it in English, but it's pretty important to differentiate between the usual past tense and the inferential one. Mixing them up and using the wrong one may mislead people.

Basically, you use inferential past tense when you weren't there to see or hear (or otherwise sense) that event happen. The usual past tense is used whenever you did witness that event. It's easier to explain this type of thing through an example.

I introduced you to the verb ölmek before, right? Well, let's use that.

Öldü: He died (usual past tense)
Ölmüş: He died (inferential past tense)

What's the difference though? The first one you are implying you literally were there when it happened and saw the person die. You may have seen them get shot, have a cardiac arrest, or whatever. The second one, well, you weren't there to see it happen. You weren't there during the process of his death. You may have heard he died on the news, or from a friend, or maybe you just found the body after he died.

Now I'll get on to teaching you the conjugations in the next post.
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 02:08 AM
The tense suffix for the inferential past is...

-mış-, for when the last vowel of the root is a or ı.
-miş-, for e or i.
-muş-, for o or u.
-müş-, for ö or ü.

Now, here's a list of our verb vocab so far.

gelmek (to come)
almak (to take, to buy)
koşmak (to run)
yürümek (to walk)
konuşmak (to talk)
durmak (to stop, to wait, to stand, to seem, to look like)
gitmek (to go)
ölmek (to die)

Let's add this tense onto them.

gelmiş: he/she/it came
almış: he/she/it bought
koşmuş: he/she/it ran
yürümüş: he/she/it walked
konuşmuş: he/she/it talked
durmuş: he/she/it stopped
gitmiş: he/she/it went
ölmüş: he/she/it died

Remember that this is different from the past tense we learned before.

If you had read my past thread, you would know the correct personal suffixes to put here. Let's put them on now and form some examples.

gelmişim: I came
(Note that you don't use this tense with the first person, because usually you notice the things you do. But you can use this for events in which you were drunk that you forgot it, or in which you did it so fast that you didn't even notice. You can also use it in similar cases.)
almışsın: you bought
koşmuş: he/she/it ran
yürümüşüz: we walked
konuşmuşsunuz: you guys talked
durmuşlar: they stopped
gitmişim: I went
ölmüşsün: you died
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 02:17 AM
Whoa... That's enough time-related tenses for now. Let's move on to something pretty important. Negation. Saying you didn't do it, instead of that you did. Or whatever.

Let's start out with our first learned tense, the present continuous. Sure, you can say, "I'm coming" (geliyorum), but can you say "I'm not coming"?

How do we do that?

Simple, for pretty much every tense, you add an -m- after the verb root, and before the tense suffix.

Ben (verb root) + (negation suffix) + (tense suffix) + (personal suffix)
Ben gel + m + iyor + um
Ben gelmiyorum.

That means, "I'm not coming".
Of course, the pronoun ben is optional, you don't have to use it.
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Swedenball is not online. Swedenball
Joined: 13 Sep 2011
Total Posts: 8777
25 Mar 2016 02:18 AM
ölmek looks like olmec

the olmecs died out a long time ago

coincidence i think not

#Code print("OT can into 𝓪𝒆𝓼𝓽𝓱𝒆𝓽𝓲𝓬");
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
Total Posts: 885
25 Mar 2016 02:32 AM
Let's just quickly go over negation for the five tenses we learned so far, and then post more examples. I already explained it for the present continuous tense.

For the future tense, you use -may- or -mey- between the root and the tense suffix. y is a buffer letter for Turkish agglutination. It just separates the vowels and makes it easier to say. Also, -may- for a, ı, o, or u. -mey- for e, i, ö, or ü. Same as below.

For the usual past tense, use -ma- or -me- between the root and the tense.

For the aorist tense, well, you gotta learn new conjugations now.

(subject) + (verb root) + (negation suffix) + (tense/personal suffix)
Ben (verb root) + m + am/em
Sen (verb root) + m + azsın/ezsin
O (verb root) + m + az/ez
Biz (verb root) + m + ayız/eyiz
Siz (verb root) + m + azsınız + ezsiniz
Onlar (verb root) + m + azlar/ezler

Use the ones with the a if your root ends in a, ı, o, or u.
Use the ones with the e if your root ends in e, i, ö, or ü.

Let's use gelmek, for example. And then after that, almak.

Ben gelmem: I don't come
Sen gelmezsin: You don't come
O gelmez: He/she/it doesn't come
Biz gelmeyiz: We don't come
Siz gelmezsiniz: You guys don't come
Onlar gelmezler: They don't come

Ben almam: I don't buy
Sen almazsın: You don't buy
O almaz: He doesn't buy
Biz almayız: We don't buy
Siz almazsınız: You don't buy
Onlar almazlar: They don't buy

Oh! And we didn't go over negation on the inferential past tense. Use -ma- or -me- between the root and tense. Same vowel harmony as explained before I just posted about the aorist tense.
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
Total Posts: 885
25 Mar 2016 02:44 AM
Let's just make up a lot of examples now.

gelmiyorum: I'm not coming
almayacaksın: you won't buy
koşmadı: he/she/it didn't run
(It's a d and not a t now because koşma- doesn't end in a ş.)
yürümeyiz: we don't walk
konuşmamışsınız: you guys apparently didn't talk
(Yes. The -muş- turned into a -mış-, because the negation suffix was -ma-. So the last vowel before the tense was a this time, not u.)
durmamışım: I apparently didn't stop
(Remember that using the first person with this tense basically means you forgot it happened or didn't notice that you did it.)
gitmezsin: you don't go
ölmedi: he/she/it didn't die
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 03:04 AM
Now... Can or can't. Let's learn about those. Unlike in English, this functions as a suffix that's attached to a verb, and not its own word.

I am going to introduce you to a new verb.

bilmek (to know)

In aorist tense, you would say "bilir" (he/she/it knows). In present continuous, "biliyor". Wait, what does that have to do with "can" and "cannot"?

Well, I'll tell you, the aorist ability suffix is -abilir- or -ebilir-.
The ability suffix on its own is -abil- or -ebil-. Then you start agglutinating and do vowel harmony according to the letter i. -abil- if the last root vowel was a, ı, o, or u. -ebil- for the rest.

Also, take note, it can translate to "may" or "might" in English instead of "can".

This one should be pretty intuitive. Let's use this with the aorist tense.

gelebilirim: I can come
alabilirsin: you can buy
koşabilir: he/she/it can run
yürüyebiliriz: we can walk
(Where did that y come from? It's a buffer consonant. You had a root that ended in a vowel, and a suffix that started with a vowel. No, no, no, we can't mix those. We need the buffer letter y here to separate them.)
konuşabilirsiniz: you guys can talk
durabilirler: they can stop
gidebilirim: I can go
(Remember, if the root ends in t, and the suffix starts with a vowel, change that t to a d.)
ölebilirsin: you can die
bilebilir: he/she/it can know
(However, this one would typically translate to "he/she/it may/might know"
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
Total Posts: 885
25 Mar 2016 03:11 AM
Let's talk about using -ebiliyor- instead of -ebilir-. They both mean "can", but in different ways. The first one is temporary, the second one, which I already taught you, is permanent. Let me explain with an example.

yürüyebilirim: I can walk
yürüyebiliyorum: I can walk

What's the difference? Well, in the first one, you are implying that you have two working legs, that could physically carry you around.

You would use the second one like, "Oh, it's nice out today, I can walk outside." If you said that, you would be talking about the current conditions for doing that. You might not be able to walk outside if it was raining really badly, but it's physically possible if you have two working legs, you know. That's when you would use -ebiliyor- instead of -ebilir-.
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 03:19 AM
Here's a quick example to explain this further... I'm going to bed after this...
Tomorrow, I'll explain "cannot" or "can't". I'm just using it in an example because it's easier to explain this with the negated forms.

görmek: to see

göremem: I can't see
göremiyorum: I can't see

What's the difference? First guy was literally blind. Second guy just couldn't see because it was too dark or he was blindfolded or something.
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 01:48 PM
"can't" is expressed by another suffix, which goes after the root and before the tense.

-am- (when the last vowel of the root is a, ı, o, or u)
-em- (when the last vowel of the root is e, i, ö, or ü)

Then you treat the rest of conjugation like either the aorist tense, for permanent inability, or the present continuous tense, for temporary inability.

Remember to add a y before the suffix if your verb root ended in a vowel.

Pay attention to the two different "can't" tenses here.

Examples...

gelemem: I can't come
alamıyorsun: you can't buy
koşamayız: we can't run
yürüyemiyor: he/she/it can't walk
konuşamayız: we can't talk
duramıyorsunuz: you can't stop
gidemiyorum: I can't go
ölemezsin: you can't die
bilemiyoruz: we can't know
göremez: he/she/it can't see
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 02:04 PM
Now we'll make these verbs into questions. The question suffix goes after the tense and before the personal suffix. You typically put a space in between this suffix and the tense suffix, but it's still considered one word. The question suffix is:

-mı- (last vowel of the tense is a or ı)
-mi- (last vowel of the tense is e or i)
-mu- (last vowel of the tense is o or u)
-mü- (last vowel of the tense is ö or ü)

geliyor muyum: am I coming?
(Notice how I added a y, because -mu- ended in a vowel and -um started with one.)
alacak mısın: will you buy?
koşar mı: does he/she/it run?

You can also use this with negation.

yürümüyor muyuz: are we not walking?
konuşmayacak mısınız: won't you guys talk?

Also, with onlar, you must have the question suffix after the personal suffix.

duruyorlar mı: are they stopping?
giderler mi: do they go?

In the usual past tense and the inferential past tense, we would actually put this suffix at the end, instead of before the personal suffix.

gittim mi: did I go?
ölmüşsün mü: did you apparently die?
bildi mi: did he/she/it know?
görmüşüz mü: did we apparently see?
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 02:15 PM
Now let's... Combine tenses. I know that sounds scary, but you'll get through it. In Turkish, we can combine different tense suffixes to make up new tenses. Let's give one example.

You can say, "I'm running," and "I ran."
Koşuyorum.
Koştum.

But you can combine these suffixes, the present continuous -uyor- and the usual past -du-, to say, "I was running."
Koşuyordum.

Koş + uyor + du + m
(verb root) + (present continuous tense suffix) + (usual past tense suffix) + (personal suffix)

You could also use the inferential past instead of the usual past.

You were apparently going:
Gidiyormuşsun
Git + iyor + muş + sun
(The t in gitmek changed to a d because the suffix just after it started with a vowel.)

Next, we'll talk about combining the aorist and usual past tenses.
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
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25 Mar 2016 02:38 PM
We can combine the aorist tense and the past tense to make up a new tense. Basically, doing this makes it mean "I used to do..." instead of "I did..."

Same logic as the last two I showed, you put the past tense after the aorist.

(verb root) + (aorist) + (usual past) + (personal)
al + ır + dı + m
alırdım
This means, "I used to buy..."

gelirdim: I used to come
alırdın: you used to buy
koşardı: he/she/it used to run
giderdik: we used to go
bilirdiniz: you guys used to know

Next up, we'll learn about the suggestion suffix.
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StudioAreFan3 is not online. StudioAreFan3
Joined: 06 Sep 2010
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25 Mar 2016 02:39 PM
omfg this is the account that told us to mass downvote sinii's leddit


r+://360814634
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
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25 Mar 2016 02:51 PM
The suggestion suffix goes after the root and before the personal suffix. It basically means "should", or sometimes "must" or "have to" depending on how it's emphasized.
The suffix looks like...

-malı- (root's last vowel is a, ı, o, or u)
-meli- (root's last vowel is e, i, ö, or ü)

Let's use a couple of examples.

ölmeliyim: I should die
(Notice the buffer y.)
koşmalısın: you should run
gitmeli: he/she/it should go
yürümeliyiz: we should walk
görmelisiniz: you guys should see
bilmeliler: they should know

And here's how you do it with negation.
You put -ma- or -me- before the suggestion suffix -malı- or -meli-.

ölmemeliyim: I shouldn't die
koşmamalısın: you shouldn't run
gitmemeli: he/she/it shouldn't go

And so on...
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
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25 Mar 2016 03:01 PM
Now let's do "could". This is an extension of the -abil- or -ebil- suffixes. It's basically the past tense plus the ability suffix.

(verb root) + (ability) + (usual past) + (personal)
(verb root) + abil + di + (personal)
(Or you use -ebil-, all depending on vowel harmony.)

konuşabildim: I could talk
gidebildin: you could talk
yürüyebildi: he/she/it could talk

But what if you use the aorist and the usual past (with the aorist going just before the usual past tense suffix)? Well, in English, it would translate to, "used to be able to".

gelebilirdik: we used to be able to come
koşabilirdiniz: you guys used to be able to run
alabilirdiler: they used to be able to buy

And the future tense version would translate into, "will be able to".

görebileceğim: I will be able to see
ölebileceksin: you will be able to die

And so on...
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
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25 Mar 2016 03:09 PM
Remember the inability suffix, -am- or -em-? It goes just after the root and is usually followed by the present continous or the aorist. But let's use it with other tenses. Here's what you use for "couldn't".

(root) + (inability) + (usual past) + (personal)
(Also, you use an a or an e after the inability suffix for the past tense. Maybe I should mention that you use -ama- or -eme- if the next suffix is future or past tense.)
gör + eme + di + k
göremedik: we couldn't see

Let's try it with the future tense now ("won't be able to").

(root) + (inability) + (usual past) + (personal)
gör + eme + yecek + ler
(Remember that buffer y.)
göremeyecekler: they won't be able to see
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
Joined: 01 Jan 2010
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25 Mar 2016 03:24 PM
Let's do "might not be able" now. This is a bit different from the inability suffix. It suggests that there's a possibility that someone or something can't do something. Basically, you just negate a verb with the -abil- or -ebil- suffixes.

(root) + ma/me + yabil/yebil + (tense) + (personal)
(Buffer y.)
görmeyebileceğim: I might not be able to see (in the future)
koşmayabilirsin: you might not run
gelmeyebiliyorsunuz: you guys might not be coming
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Piexplosion is not online. Piexplosion
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25 Mar 2016 03:38 PM
In part three, we start learning about moods.

Part 3: http://forum.roblox.com/Forum/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=186038105
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