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Re: 5 reasons why we need to colonize Mars

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LegoGuy375 is not online. LegoGuy375
Joined: 10 Nov 2012
Total Posts: 2324
25 Apr 2015 06:46 PM
Earth is going downhill

1. overpopulation

2. pollution

3. climate change

4. violence & wars

5. bad music


let's face it guys, we gotta start over...

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CrushedInsanity is not online. CrushedInsanity
Joined: 13 Nov 2010
Total Posts: 24834
25 Apr 2015 06:47 PM
tru
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LordVydrak is not online. LordVydrak
Joined: 16 Jul 2011
Total Posts: 28831
25 Apr 2015 06:48 PM
we should colonize your forehead because of how much living space it has
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SynchingMX is not online. SynchingMX
Joined: 20 Oct 2013
Total Posts: 2158
25 Apr 2015 06:48 PM
But Uranus is bigger than Mars, so why not Uranus!!!





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iKeno is not online. iKeno
Joined: 14 Jan 2008
Total Posts: 27490
25 Apr 2015 06:48 PM
because mars takes less fuel to get too dumbo synch/
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SynchingMX is not online. SynchingMX
Joined: 20 Oct 2013
Total Posts: 2158
25 Apr 2015 06:49 PM
"we should colonize your forehead because of how much living space it has"

No lets colonize his Hairline so we can make real Tarzan movies!
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Digishock is not online. Digishock
Joined: 17 Jan 2014
Total Posts: 6280
25 Apr 2015 06:50 PM
No there is no atmosphere there...
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Vexax is not online. Vexax
Joined: 25 Aug 2012
Total Posts: 18783
25 Apr 2015 06:50 PM
1. overpopulation - hardly

2. pollution - this will change eventually

3. climate change - nope

4. violence & wars - this is people now the place

5. bad music - tastes differ
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DividedFallout is online. DividedFallout
Joined: 13 Jan 2011
Total Posts: 8572
25 Apr 2015 06:52 PM
Starting in 2025 NASA will be sending over 8 people every year.

2026, 8 more people


Sending to mars is a suicide mission, but there people traveling to mars in 2025 will be basically setting up for a world where we can live and grow(hopefully)

Even though it is a suicide mission, my science teacher showed my class a website of what will happen starting from this year all the way to 2030
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LegoGuy375 is not online. LegoGuy375
Joined: 10 Nov 2012
Total Posts: 2324
25 Apr 2015 06:53 PM
@lord- OOOOOHHH REKT!!!!1

@digishock- Yes, Mars has an atmosphere.

@vexax- Don't question my logic.
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DividedFallout is online. DividedFallout
Joined: 13 Jan 2011
Total Posts: 8572
25 Apr 2015 06:54 PM
From the picture on the website my science teacher showed me, there will be about 6 modules where the astronaughts will sleep, harvest food and a lab to do science work in

chances are 2 of them will be used to harvesting crops that they bring with them like seeds and different materials for food

and the other will be for labwork while the other 4 will be for encampment of the astronaughts
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Milnaria is not online. Milnaria
Joined: 29 Apr 2014
Total Posts: 7536
25 Apr 2015 06:55 PM
Human Settlement on Mars

Mars One is a not for profit foundation with the goal of establishing a permanent human settlement on Mars. To prepare for this settlement the first unmanned mission is scheduled to depart in 2020. Crews will depart for their one-way journey to Mars starting in 2026; subsequent crews will depart every 26 months after the initial crew has left for Mars. Mars One is a global initiative aiming to make this everyone's mission to Mars, including yours. Join Mars One’s efforts to enable the next giant leap for mankind.



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micke3212 is not online. micke3212
Joined: 24 Nov 2009
Total Posts: 3000
25 Apr 2015 06:55 PM
You do realize NASA is hoping to terraform Mars?
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Milnaria is not online. Milnaria
Joined: 29 Apr 2014
Total Posts: 7536
25 Apr 2015 06:55 PM
Landing
Permanent Settlement

The most complex, expensive, and risky part of a mission to Mars is the return trip. It requires developing bigger rockets that need a larger landing systems and launch capability on Mars. Permanent settlement is not easy but it is far less complex and requires much less infrastructure sent to Mars than return missions. Mars One has already started contracting established aerospace companies to work on the required systems. All systems require design, construction, and testing, but no scientific breakthroughs are required to send humans to Mars and to sustain life there.

Mission Design

A habitable settlement will await the first crew before they depart Earth. The hardware needed will be sent to Mars in the years ahead of the humans. This unmanned mission is currently scheduled for 2024.

The Mission Plan

The Journey to Mars
Astronaut Selection and Preparation

The global search has begun for the first humans to set foot on Mars and make it their home. In an extensive training period, candidates will learn the skills they will need on Mars and on their journey there. The combined skill set of each astronaut team member will cover a very wide range of disciplines.

In 1000 years, everyone on Earth will still remember who the first humans on Mars were. More than 200,000 men and women from around the world responded to the first call for astronauts.

Applicants

Applicants
You Make It Happen

The whole world will watch and experience this journey. We are all explorers. Everyone, including you, can participate in space exploration. This can be your mission to Mars!

Join our global effort by sharing our vision with your friends, supporting us and perhaps becoming a Mars astronaut yourself.

=
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Scorpiosis is not online. Scorpiosis
Joined: 11 Nov 2010
Total Posts: 3039
25 Apr 2015 06:55 PM
bad music r u srs

more like water level rising

anyway, Mars doesn't seem suitable for life. I hope I die before we go to Mars, because it would be a stupendously large change for humankind.
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Milnaria is not online. Milnaria
Joined: 29 Apr 2014
Total Posts: 7536
25 Apr 2015 06:56 PM
It is Mars One's goal to establish a permanent human settlement on Mars.

Human settlement on Mars is the next giant leap for humankind. This exploration of the solar system will bring the human race closer together. Mars is the next step of the voyage into the universe. Furthermore, human settlement on Mars will aid the understanding of the origins of the solar system, the origins of life, and human’s place in the universe. As with the Apollo Moon landings, a human mission to Mars will inspire generations to believe that all things are possible and that anything can be achieved with perseverance.

Mars One believes that human settlement on Mars will be the most profound and influential event of the 21st century. In 100 years, children will learn about this time and they will know the date of the first human landing on Mars. It will be common knowledge that this was the first established colony beyond Earth.

Permanent settlement significantly reduces the cost, the required technology development, and the risk of the mission compared to the traditional return journey. It is also a more profound step in the continuous journey of the exploration by the human race. Mankind has explored and settled on all the continents of our Earth in the last 50,000 years, and Mars is the next logical place to start a settlement.

The Mars One's mission will be financed by investments from the private sector. In order to accept investments, the Mars One Foundation has established the Mars One Corporation which is a for profit entity in which investors can buy shares. The Mars One Corporation holds the exclusive media and intellectual property rights to the Mars One's mission and will monetize it to enable the mission and to provide shareholders a return on their investment.

Mars One is not an aerospace company. Therefore, the required systems are to be designed and built by established aerospace companies with relevant experience. Launch services and integration of the different systems will also be outsourced to experienced parties. Mars One will focus mainly on the funding, management of the mission, and finding the right teams to go to Mars.

The plan that Mars One has established and the progress that has been made is only part of the overall plan. Mars One would not be able to complete this mission without the support and enthusiasm from the global community. This step in history is one that everyone will remember and should be part of, thus the aim is to keep the world educated on what Mars One is doing.

Overview

Mars One is a young and growing organization with a team of eight. This team is supported by an impressive board of ambassadors and advisers from all over the world; including an astronaut, Nobel Prize laureate, and the former NASA Chief Technologist. Mars One receives donations from people in over 100 countries and over 200,000 applied for the first crew selection procedure.

Mars One will soon announce a media deal with one of the world's biggest production companies in order to create a show around selecting our crews. Big brands are showing interest in associating their corporate stories with Mankind's Mission to Mars.

Lockheed Martin and other major aerospace companies are ready to implement Mars One's plan. Work on the first unmanned mission, scheduled for launch in 2020, has already started.

Mission

Mars One's mission design is currently in the early mission concept phase. So far, the main requirements for the mission have been identified and discussed with established aerospace companies. Possible solutions were identified and rough cost figures were discussed.

In the first phase, Mars One will finance conceptual design studies to be performed by established aerospace companies for every major system required for the permanent settlement mission. The reports of the studies will be published to attract feedback and suggestions for improvement.

The Mars One mission design will be updated according to the results of the conceptual design studies. The design in the road map is an estimate of what the first and second manned mission might look like.

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Vexax is not online. Vexax
Joined: 25 Aug 2012
Total Posts: 18783
25 Apr 2015 06:56 PM
ok sorry forgive me
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LegendSoul12 is not online. LegendSoul12
Joined: 28 Aug 2012
Total Posts: 13251
25 Apr 2015 06:56 PM
The amount of stupidity in one thread is overwhelming
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Milnaria is not online. Milnaria
Joined: 29 Apr 2014
Total Posts: 7536
25 Apr 2015 06:56 PM
In December 2013, Mars One announced plans for a robotic precursor mission in 2018, two years later than had been conceptually planned in the 2012 announcements. The robotic lander is to be "built by Lockheed Martin based on the design used for NASA’s Phoenix and InSight missions, as well as a communications orbiter built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd."[21] In February 2015, Lockheed Martin and Surrey Satellite Technology confirmed that contracts on the initial study phase begun in late 2013 had run out and additional contracts had not been received for further progress on the robotic missions. Plans have not been disclosed to raise the US$200 million or more needed to support the robotic mission.[10][21]
Mars One selected a second-round pool of astronaut candidates in 2013 of 1058 people—"586 men and 472 women from 107 countries"—from a larger number of some 200,000 who showed interest on the Mars One website, although this number is heavily disputed. Mars One candidate Dr. Joseph Roche claims the number of initial applicants was only 2,761.[22]
Mars One announced a partnership with Uwingu on 3 March 2014, stating that the program would use Uwingu's map of Mars in all of their planned missions.[23][24] Kristian von Bengtson began work on Simulation Mars Home for crew on 24 March 2014.
The second-round pool was whittled down to 705 candidates (418 men and 287 women) in the beginning of May 2014. 353 were removed either for medical reasons or due to personal considerations.[25] These selected persons will then begin the interview process following which several teams of two men and two women will be compiled. The teams will then begin training full-time for a future mission to Mars, while individuals and teams may be selected out during training if they are not deemed suitable for the mission.[25]
On June 2, 2014, Darlow Smithson Productions (DSP) announced it has gained exclusive access to the Mars One.[26]
On June 30, 2014, it was made public that Mars One seeks financial investment through a bidding process to send company experiments to Mars. The experiment slots will go to the highest bidder and will include company related ads, and the opportunity to have the company name on the robotic lander that's scheduled to carry the experiments to Mars in 2018.[27]
Mars One selected a third-round pool of astronaut candidates in 2015 of 100 people — "50 men and 50 women who successfully passed the second round. The candidates come from all around the world, namely 39 from the Americas, 31 from Europe, 16 from Asia, 7 from Africa, and 7 from Oceania".
In video posted on the 19th of March 2015, Lansdorp said that because of delays in the robotic precursor mission, the first crew will not set down on Mars until 2027.[28]
Mission plans[edit]
According to their schedule as of March 2015, the first crew of four astronauts would arrive on Mars in 2027, after a seven-month journey from Earth. Additional teams would join the settlement every two years, with the intention that by 2035 there would be over twenty people living and working on Mars.[citation needed] The astronaut selection process began on 22 April 2013.[29]
As of April 2013, the astronaut selection process was expected by Mars One to be completed in July 2015; six teams of four.[29]
2020 unmanned lander mission[edit]

Artist's impression of the Phoenix spacecraft as it lands on Mars.
In December 2013, mission concept studies for an unmanned Mars mission were contracted with Lockheed Martin and Surrey Satellite Technology for a demonstration mission to be launched in 2017 and land on Mars in 2018. It would be based on the design of the successful 2007 NASA Phoenix lander,[30] and provide proof of concept for a subset of the key technologies for a later permanent human settlement on Mars.[31] Upon submission of Lockheed Martin's Proposal Information Package,[30] Mars One released a Request for Proposals[32] for the various payloads on the lander. The total payload mass of 44 kg is divided among the seven payloads as follows:[32]
Water extraction (10 kg)
Soil acquisition (15 kg)
Thin film solar power demonstrator (6 kg)
Camera system (5 kg)
Open for random proposals from the highest bidder (4 kg)
Educational payload (2 kg)
Winning university experiment (2 kg)
Concept studies for the mission have been completed but as of February 2015, no contracts to build hardware have begun.[10] Lansdorp has declined questions regarding when those contracts would be made.[10]
2022 unmanned lander mission[edit]
In 2022, an unmanned rover will be launched to Mars in order to pick a landing site for the 2027 Mars One landing and a site for the Mars One colony. At the same time, a communication satellite will be launched, enabling continuous communication with the Mars One colony.[33]
2024 cargo mission launch[edit]
In 2024, the cargo mission will be launched, containing two life-support units, and two supply units.[33]
2026 Mars One launch[edit]
A spacecraft containing four astronauts will be launched for Mars.[33]
2027 Mars One landing[edit]
In 2027, the landing module will land on Mars, containing four astronauts. They will be met by the rover launched in 2020, and taken to the Mars One colony.[33]
Astronaut selection and training[edit]
The application period[edit]
The application was available from 22 April 2013 to 31 August 2013.[34][35] The application consists of applicant’s general information, a motivational letter, a résumé and a video. Mars One plans to hold several other application periods in the future.
By 9 September 2013, 2,761 applicants[22] had paid their registration fee and submitted public videos in which they made their case for going to Mars in 2023.[36] The application fee varies from US $5 to US $75 (the amount depending on the relative wealth of the applicant's country).[37] Joseph Roche, one of the finalists, has accused the selection process being based on a point system that is primarily depended on how much money each individual generated or gave to the Mars One organization.[22][38][39] Lansdrop acknowledges a point system but denies that selection is based on money earned.[39] Roche also stated that if paid for interviews, they are asked to donate 75% of the payment to Mars One.[22][39] This was confirmed by Lansdrop.[22][39]








Circle frame.svg
Distribution of the 1,058 applicants selected for Round 2 according to the academic degree[40]
Bachelor's degree (33%)
Master's degree (15%)
Ph.D (8%)
Associate degree (3%)
Doctor of Medicine (3%)
Doctor of law (1%)
Other (37%)
The results of applicants selected for round 2 were declared on 30 December 2013. A total of 1,058 applicants from 107 countries were selected.[21] The gender split is 586 male (about 55%) and 472 female (about 45%). Among the people that were selected for round 2, 159 have a master's degree, 347 have bachelor's degrees and 29 have Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees. The majority of the applicants are under 36 and well educated.[41][42][43]
The Mars 100[edit]
Medically cleared candidates were interviewed, and 50 men and 50 women from the total pool of 660 from around the world were selected to move on to the third round of the astronaut selection process:.[44][45]
39 from the Americas
31 from Europe
16 from Asia
7 from Africa
7 from Oceania
There have been allegations that in spite of initial plans to perform regional interviews around the world, these applicants were screened by Mars One by only answering a single questionnaire over a ten-minute Skype call regarding Martian-related literature and the Mars One mission.[22][38][39]
Regional selection period[edit]
Details of the 2015 selection phases have not been agreed upon due to ongoing negotiations with media companies for the rights to televise the selection processes.[46]
The regional selection may be broadcast on TV and Internet in countries around the world. In each region, plans include 20–40 applicants participating in challenges including rigorous simulations, many in team settings, with focus on testing the physical and emotional capabilities of the remaining candidates, with the aim of demonstrating their suitability to become the first humans on Mars. The audience is to select one winner per region, and the experts can select additional participants, if needed, to continue to the international level.[47][48]
From the previous selection series, six groups of four are to become full-time employees of the Mars One astronaut corps, after which they are to train for the mission. Whole teams and individuals might be deselected during training if they prove not to be suitable for the mission. Six to ten[citation needed] teams, of four people, are to be selected for seven years of full-time training. It is anticipated that this selection round is planned to run until the end of 2015.[47]
Revenues and investment[edit]
Mars One funding comes from a variety of sources, one of which is astronaut application fees.[37]








Circle frame.svg
Mars One's investment of revenues[49]
Concept design studies (78.3%)
Travel expenses (11.6%)
Legal expenses (3.3%)
Website maintenance (2.4%)
Communications (2.3%)
Office and other (2.1%)
Reality TV[edit]
Mars One initially estimated a one-way trip, excluding the cost of maintaining four astronauts on Mars until they die at 6 billion USD.[50] Lansdorp has declined questions regarding the cost estimate because he believes "it would be very stupid for us to give the prices that have been quoted per component".[51] For comparison, an "austere" manned Mars mission (including a temporary stay followed by a return of the astronauts) proposed by NASA in 2009 had a projected cost of 100 billion USD after an 18-year program.[52]
Mars One, the not-for-profit foundation, is the controlling stockholder of the for-profit Interplanetary Media Group.[53] A global 'reality-TV' media event was intended to provide most of the funds to finance the expedition. The astronaut selection process (with some public participation) was to be televised and continue on through the first years of living on Mars.[54][55]
Discussions between Endemol, producers of the Big Brother series, Mars One ended with Endemol subsidiary Darlow Smithson Productions issuing a statement in February 2015 that they were "were unable reach agreement on the details of the contract" and that the company was "no longer involved in the project."[56] Lansdorp's updated plans no longer include live broadcasts from Mars but instead rely on a documentary style production adding "Just like the Olympics, we watch highlights, we don’t watch things that athletes do when they’re not performing their abilities."[57]
Sponsors[edit]
On 31 August 2012, company officials announced that funding from its first sponsors had been received.[50] Corporate sponsorship money will be used mostly to fund the conceptual design studies provided by the aerospace suppliers.[50]
Donations and merchandise[edit]
Revenues that Mars One has received from merchandise sale, donations and the Indiegogo crowd funding campaign until 5 January 2015.[49]
Country of buyer/donor Revenue amount (in US $)
United States
301,695
Canada
85,735
United Kingdom
55,352
Australia
53,611
Netherlands
35,911
Germany
31,934
Russia
19,624
Sweden
17,687
France
16,356
Norway
16,356
Denmark
10,414
Switzerland
8,715
Belgium
8,715
Spain
8,607
Finland
8,062
Brazil
6,397
Austria
4,267
New Zealand
5,083
Poland
4,724
Mexico
4,038
Others (80 countries)
68,000
Total (from 103 countries)
759,816

Since the official announcement of their conversion to a Stichting, Mars One has been accepting one time and regular monthly donations through their website. As of 31 January 2014, Mars One had received $795,185 in donations and merchandise sales.[58] The recent donation update adds the Indiegogo campaign ($313,744) to the private donation and merchandise total. The new total is $795,185 as of 28 February 2014. The difference showing Mars One raised $11,832 in the month of February.
The pie-chart alongside shows the break-up of Mars One's revenues into different areas. Over three quarters of the investment is in concept design studies. Mars One states that "income from donations and merchandise have not been used to pay salaries". To date, no financial records have been released for public viewing.[59]
Crowdfunding[edit]
On 10 December 2013, Mars One set up a crowdfunding campaign on Indiegogo to fund their 2018 demonstration mission. The 2018 mission includes a lander and communications satellite, and aims to prove several mission critical technologies in addition to launch and landing. The campaign goal was to raise $400,000 USD by 25 January 2014. Since the ending date was drawing near they decided to extend the ending date to 9 February 2014. By the end of the campaign, they had received $313,744 in funds. Indiegogo will receive 9% ($28,237) of the $313,744 for the campaign failing to achieve its goal.[60]
Technology[edit]
Mars One has identified at least one potential supplier for each component of the mission.[13][61] The major components are planned to be acquired from proven suppliers.[62] As of May 2013, Mars One has a contract with only one company, Paragon Space Development Corporation, for a preliminary life support study.[63]
Launcher[edit]
The Falcon Heavy from SpaceX was the notional launcher in the early Mars One conceptual plan,[62] which included the notional use of SpaceX hardware for the lander and crew habitat but, as of May 2013, SpaceX had not yet been contracted to supply mission hardware and SpaceX has stated that it did "not currently have a relationship with Mars One."[63] By March 2014, SpaceX indicated that they had been contacted by Mars One, and were in discussions, but that accommodating Mars One requirements would require some additional work and that such work was not a part of the current focus of SpaceX.[64]
Mars transit vehicle[edit]
A manned interplanetary spacecraft, which would transport the crew to Mars, would be assembled in low Earth orbit and comprise two propellant modules: a Transit Living Module (discarded just before arrival at Mars) and a lander (see "Human Lander" below).[62][65]
A potential supplier for the Transit living module as of November 2012 was Thales Alenia Space.[66][non-primary source needed]
Communications system[edit]
In December 2013 Mars One awarded a contract to Surrey Satellite Technology for a study of the satellite technology required to provide 24/7 communication between Earth and the Mars base.[67][68] Mars One expects that there will be at least two satellites, one in areostationary orbit above Mars and a second at the Earth – Sun L4 or L5 point to relay the signal when Mars blocks the geosynchronous satellite from line of sight to Earth.[68] It is possible that a third satellite will be required to relay the signal on the rare occasions when the sun blocks the first relay satellite from line of sight with Earth.[68]
Lander[edit]
The notional Mars One lander is a 5 meters (16 ft)-diameter variant of SpaceX's Dragon capsule.[citation needed]
Rover[edit]
The rover would be unpressurized and support travel distances of 80 km (50 miles).[69] A potential supplier for the rover as of November 2012 was Astrobotic Technology.[66][non-primary source needed]
Mars suit[edit]
The Mars suit would be flexible to allow the settlers to work with both cumbersome construction materials and sophisticated machinery when they are outside the habitat while protecting them from the cold, low pressure and noxious gases of the Martian atmosphere.[70] The likely supplier of the suits is ILC Dover.[71] On 12 March 2013, Paragon Space Development Corporation was contracted to develop concepts for life support and the Mars Surface Exploration Spacesuit System. The Paragon Space Development Corporation study was stated to be finished late summer 2013; Mars One continues to be silent about the results of this study.[72]
Criticism[edit]
Mars One has received a variety of criticism, mostly relating to medical,[73] technical and financial feasibility. But there are also multiple claims that Mars One is a scam designed to take as much money as possible from donors, including reality show contestants.[74][75] Many have criticized the project's US$6 billion budget as being too low to successfully transport humans to Mars, to the point of being delusional.[76] A similar project study by NASA estimated the cost of such a feat at US$100 billion, although that included transporting the astronauts back to Earth. Objections have also been raised regarding the reality TV project associated with the expedition. Given the transient nature of most reality TV ventures, many believe that as viewership declines, funding could significantly decrease thereby harming the entire expedition. Further, TV reality show contestants have reported that they were ranked based on their donations and funds raised.[77][78]
Academia[edit]
“It looks like a scam,” said John Logsdon, a space policy expert at George Washington University.[79] Chris Welch, director of Masters Programs at the International Space University, has said "Even ignoring the potential mismatch between the project income and its costs and questions about its longer-term viability, the Mars One proposal does not demonstrate a sufficiently deep understanding of the problems to give real confidence that the project would be able to meet its very ambitious schedule."[80]
Gerard 't Hooft, theoretical physicist and ambassador to Mars One, has stated that he thought both their planned schedule and budget were off by a factor of ten.[81] He said he still supported the project’s overall goals.[81]
A space logistics analysis conducted by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology revealed that the most optimistic of scenarios would require 15 Falcon Heavy launches that would cost approximately $4.5 billion.[82] They concluded that the reliability of Environmental Control and Life Support systems (ECLS), the Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) would have to be improved. Additionally they determined that if the costs of launch were also lowered dramatically, together this would help to reduce the mass and cost of Mars settlement architecture.[82] The environmental system would result in failure to be able to support human life in 68 days, if fire safety standards on over oxygenation were followed, due to excessive use of nitrogen supplies that would not then be able to be used to compensate leakage of air out of the habitat, leading to a resultant loss in pressurization, ending with pressures too low to support human life.[83] Lansdorp replied that although he hasn't read all the research, that supplier Lockheed Martin says that the technologies were viable.[84]
Another serious issue uncovered in the research conducted by MIT: replacement parts. The students estimated the need for spare parts in a Mars colony based off the failure rates of parts on the ISS. They determined that a resupply mission every two years would be necessary unless a large space in the initial launch were to be reserved for extra materials. Lansdorp, commented on this issue saying, "They are correct. The major challenge of Mars One is keeping everything up and running. We don't believe what we have designed is the best solution. It's a good solution." [85]
Space advocacy and policy[edit]
Robert Zubrin, advocate for manned Martian exploration, said "I don't think the business plan closes it. We're going to go to Mars, we need a billion dollars, and we're going to make up the revenue with advertising and media rights and so on. You might be able to make up some of the money that way, but I don't think that anyone who is interested in making money is going to invest on that basis — invest in this really risky proposition, and if you're lucky you'll break even? That doesn't fly."[86] Despite his criticisms, Zubrin became an adviser to Mars One on 10 October 2013.[87]
John Logsdon, a space policy specialist at George Washington University has stated "I just don't find it a credible proposition".[88]
Astronauts[edit]
Canadian former astronaut Julie Payette said during the opening speech for an International Civil Aviation Organization conference that she does not think Mars One "is sending anybody anywhere".[39]
In January 2014, German former astronaut Ulrich Walter strongly criticized the project for ethical reasons. Speaking with Berlin's Tagesspiegel, he estimated the probability of reaching Mars alive at only thirty percent, and that of surviving there more than three months at less than twenty percent. He said, "They make their money with that [TV] show. They don't care what happens to those people in space... If my tax money were used for such a mission, I would organize a protest."[89]
Space tourist Richard Garriott stated in response to Mars One, "Many have interesting viable starting plans. Few raise the money to be able to pull it off."[90]
Former astronaut Buzz Aldrin, said in an interview that he wants to see humans on Mars by 2035, but he does not think Mars One will be the first to achieve it.[91]
Publications[edit]
Wired magazine gave it a plausibility score of 2 out of 10 as part of their 2012 Most Audacious Private Space Exploration Plans.[92]
The Daily Mail enumerated reasons why the project will never happen, calling the project "foolish". The project lacks current funding as well as sources for future funding. The organization has no spacecraft or rocket in development or any contracts in place with companies that could provide a spacecraft or rocket. While plans point to SpaceX for both resources, the company has no contracts with Mars One in an industry that typically plans contracts decades in advance. The organization has not shared any research into the effects of microgravity on crews in flight or reduced gravity on the Mars surface. The organization has yet to provide plans or even study how crews might survive dust storms, supply challenges or the increased radiation on Mars.[93]
Reality Show Contestants[edit]
In March 2015, one of the Mars One finalists, Dr. Joseph Roche, stated to media outlets that he believes the mission to be a scam. Dr. Roche holds doctorate degrees in physics and astrophysics, and shared many of his concerns and criticisms of the mission. These claims include that the organization lied about the number of applicants, stating that 200,000 individuals applied versus Roche's claim of 2,761, and that many of the applicants had paid to be put on the list. Furthermore, Roche claimed that Mars One is asking finalists for donations from any money earned from guest appearances (which would amount to a minimal portion of the estimated $6 billion required for the mission). Finally, despite being one of 100 finalists, Roche himself has never spoken to any Mars One employee or representative in person, and instead of psychological or psychometric testing as is normal for astronaut candidates (especially for a lengthy, one-way mission), his interview process consisted of a 10-minute Skype conversation.[94
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Scorpiosis is not online. Scorpiosis
Joined: 11 Nov 2010
Total Posts: 3039
25 Apr 2015 06:57 PM
... tl;dr @above
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therandomgod1234 is not online. therandomgod1234
Joined: 01 Jul 2012
Total Posts: 1667
25 Apr 2015 06:58 PM
Firstly

1. overpopulation - Yes

2. pollution - Yes

3. climate change - Kind of

4. violence & wars - Never will change. It's human nature.

5. bad music - Heh.

My point. Yeah, I agree with most of your points. But you're missing one thing. The US is in a huge as debt, and the US is the only current suitable country that has the chance to do so. China's thriving and very prosperous, the US has gone farther than any other country in space tech so far. Emphasis on so far. If Mars is colonized, the US could do it in a few scores.
But the thing is, I highly doubt the US government would sanction such a thing. Obama's too busy with stuff like Obama care and too many Mexicans entering our borders(Seriously), and the US has to work on fixing the US government, before doing anything else.
But yes, I'd colonize Mars also. :)
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Milnaria is not online. Milnaria
Joined: 29 Apr 2014
Total Posts: 7536
25 Apr 2015 06:58 PM
Earth is similar to its "sister planet" Venus in bulk composition, size and surface gravity, but Mars's similarities to Earth are more compelling when considering colonization. These include:
The Martian day (or sol) is very close in duration to Earth's. A solar day on Mars is 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds.
Mars has a surface area that is 28.4% of Earth's, only slightly less than the amount of dry land on Earth (which is 29.2% of Earth's surface). Mars has half the radius of Earth and only one-tenth the mass. This means that it has a smaller volume (~15%) and lower average density than Earth.
Mars has an axial tilt of 25.19°, similar to Earth's 23.44°. As a result, Mars has seasons much like Earth, though they last nearly twice as long because the Martian year is about 1.88 Earth years. The Martian north pole currently points at Cygnus, not Ursa Minor like Earth's.
Recent observations by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, ESA's Mars Express and NASA's Phoenix Lander confirm the presence of water ice on Mars.
Differences from Earth[edit]
Although there are some extremophile organisms that survive in hostile conditions on Earth, including simulations that approximate Mars, plants and animals generally cannot survive the ambient conditions present on the surface of Mars.[1]
The surface gravity of Mars is 38% that of Earth. Although microgravity is known to cause health problems such as muscle loss and bone demineralization,[2][3] it is not known if Martian gravity would have a similar effect. The Mars Gravity Biosatellite was a proposed project designed to learn more about what effect Mars's lower surface gravity would have on humans.[4]
Mars is much colder than Earth, with a mean surface temperature between 186 and 268 K (−87 °C, −124.6 °F and −5 °C, 23 °F).[5][6] The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth was 180 K (−93.2 °C, −135.76 °F) in Antarctica.
Surface water on Mars may occur transiently, but only under certain conditions.[7][8]
Because Mars is approximately 52% farther from the Sun, the amount of solar energy entering its upper atmosphere per unit area (the solar constant) is only around 43.3% of what reaches the Earth's upper atmosphere.[9] However, due to the much thinner atmosphere, more solar energy reaches the surface.[10][11]
Mars's orbit is more eccentric than Earth's, increasing temperature and solar constant variations.
Due to the relative lack of a magnetosphere, in combination with a thin atmosphere—less than 1% that of Earth's—Mars has extreme amounts of ultraviolet radiation that would pose an ongoing and serious threat.
The atmospheric pressure on Mars is far below the Armstrong limit at which people can survive without pressure suits. Since terraforming cannot be expected as a near-term solution, habitable structures on Mars would need to be constructed with pressure vessels similar to spacecraft, capable of containing a pressure between 30 and 100 kPa. See Atmosphere of Mars.
The Martian atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and traces of other gases including oxygen totaling less than 0.4%.
Martian air has a partial pressure of CO2 of 0.71 kPa, compared to 0.031 kPa on Earth. CO2 poisoning (hypercapnia) in humans begins at about 0.10 kPa. Even for plants, CO2 much above 0.15 kPa is toxic. This means Martian air is completely toxic to both plants and animals even at the reduced total pressure.[12]
Atmospheric pressure comparison
Location Pressure
Olympus Mons summit 0.03 kilopascals (0.0044 psi)
Mars average 0.6 kilopascals (0.087 psi)
Hellas Planitia bottom 1.16 kilopascals (0.168 psi)
Armstrong limit 6.25 kilopascals (0.906 psi)
Mount Everest summit[13] 33.7 kilopascals (4.89 psi)
Earth sea level 101.3 kilopascals (14.69 psi)
Conditions for human habitation[edit]
Conditions on the surface of Mars are closer to the conditions on Earth in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure than on any other planet or moon, except for the cloud tops of Venus.[14] However, the surface is not hospitable to humans or most known life forms due to greatly reduced air pressure, an atmosphere with only 0.1% oxygen, and the lack of liquid water (although large amounts of frozen water have been detected).
In 2012, it was reported that some lichen and cyanobacteria survived and showed remarkable adaptation capacity for photosynthesis after 34 days in simulated Martian conditions in the Mars Simulation Laboratory (MSL) maintained by the German Aerospace Center (DLR).[15][16][17]
Humans have explored parts of Earth that match some conditions on Mars. Based on NASA rover data, temperatures on Mars (at low latitudes) are similar to those in Antarctica.[18] The atmospheric pressure at the highest altitudes reached by manned balloon ascents (35 km (114,000 feet) in 1961,[19] 38 km in 2012) is similar to that on the surface of Mars.[20]
Human survival on Mars would require complex life-support measures and living in artificial environments.
Terraforming[edit]

An artist's conception of a terraformed Mars (2009)
Main article: Terraforming of Mars
There is much discussion regarding the possibility of terraforming Mars to allow a wide variety of life forms, including humans, to survive unaided on Mars's surface, including the technologies needed to do so.[21]
Radiation[edit]
Mars has no global magnetic field comparable to Earth's geomagnetic field. Combined with a thin atmosphere, this permits a significant amount of ionizing radiation to reach the Martian surface. The Mars Odyssey spacecraft carried an instrument, the Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE), to measure the dangers to humans. MARIE found that radiation levels in orbit above Mars are 2.5 times higher than at the International Space Station. Average doses were about 22 millirads per day (220 micrograys per day or 0.08 grays per year.)[22] A three-year exposure to such levels would be close to the safety limits currently adopted by NASA.[citation needed] Levels at the Martian surface would be somewhat lower and might vary significantly at different locations depending on altitude and local magnetic fields. Building living quarters underground (possibly in lava tubes that are already present) would significantly lower the colonists' exposure to radiation. Occasional solar proton events (SPEs) produce much higher doses.
Much remains to be learned about space radiation. In 2003, NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center opened a facility, the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, at Brookhaven National Laboratory, that employs particle accelerators to simulate space radiation. The facility studies its effects on living organisms along with shielding techniques.[23] Initially, there was some evidence that this kind of low level, chronic radiation is not quite as dangerous as once thought; and that radiation hormesis occurs.[24] However, results from a 2006 study indicated that protons from cosmic radiation may cause twice as much serious damage to DNA as previously expected, exposing astronauts to greater risk of cancer and other diseases.[25] As a result of the higher radiation in the Martian environment, the summary report of the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee released in 2009 reported that "Mars is not an easy place to visit with existing technology and without a substantial investment of resources."[25] NASA is exploring a variety of alternative techniques and technologies such as deflector shields of plasma to protect astronauts and spacecraft from radiation.[25]
Transportation[edit]
Interplanetary spaceflight[edit]

Mars (Viking 1, 1980)
Mars requires less energy per unit mass (delta V) to reach from Earth than any planet except Venus. Using a Hohmann transfer orbit, a trip to Mars requires approximately nine months in space.[26] Modified transfer trajectories that cut the travel time down to seven or six months in space are possible with incrementally higher amounts of energy and fuel compared to a Hohmann transfer orbit, and are in standard use for robotic Mars missions. Shortening the travel time below about six months requires higher delta-v and an exponentially increasing amount of fuel, and is not feasible with chemical rockets, but might be feasible with advanced spacecraft propulsion technologies, some of which have already been tested, such as VASIMR,[27] and nuclear rockets. In the former case, a trip time of forty days could be attainable,[28] and in the latter, a trip time down to about two weeks.[29]
During the journey the astronauts are subject to radiation, which requires a means to protect them. Cosmic radiation and solar wind cause DNA damage, which increases the risk of cancer significantly. The effect of long term travel in interplanetary space is unknown, but scientists estimate an added risk of between 1% and 19%, most likely 3.4%, for men to die of cancer because of the radiation during the journey to Mars and back to Earth. For women the probability is higher due to their larger glandular tissues.[30]
Landing on Mars[edit]
Mars has a gravity 0.38 times that of Earth and the density of its atmosphere is about 0.6% of that on Earth.[31] The relatively strong gravity and the presence of aerodynamic effects makes it difficult to land heavy, crewed spacecraft with thrusters only, as was done with the Apollo moon landings, yet the atmosphere is too thin for aerodynamic effects to be of much help in braking and landing a large vehicle. Landing piloted missions on Mars will require braking and landing systems different from anything used to land crewed spacecraft on the Moon or robotic missions on Mars.[32]
If one assumes carbon nanotube construction material will be available with a strength of 130 GPa then a space elevator could be built to land people and material on Mars.[33] A space elevator on Phobos has also been proposed.[34]
Equipment needed for colonization[edit]
Colonization of Mars will require a wide variety of equipment—both equipment to directly provide services to humans and production equipment used to produce food, propellant, water, energy and breathable oxygen—in order to support human colonization efforts. Required equipment will include:[29]
habitats
storage facilities
shop workspaces
resource extraction equipment—initially for water and oxygen, later for a wider cross section of minerals, building materials, etc.
energy production and storage equipment, some solar and perhaps other forms as well
food production spaces and equipment
propellant production equipment, generally thought to be hydrogen and methane[35] for fuel—with oxygen oxidizer—for chemical rocket engines
fuels or other energy source for use with surface transportation. Carbon monoxide/oxygen (CO/O2) engines have been suggested for early surface transportation use as both carbon monoxide and oxygen can be straightforwardly produced by zirconia electrolysis from the Martian atmosphere without requiring use of any of the Martian water resources to obtain hydrogen.[36]
communication equipment
Communication[edit]
Communications with Earth are relatively straightforward during the half-sol when Earth is above the Martian horizon. NASA and ESA included communications relay equipment in several of the Mars orbiters, so Mars already has communications satellites. While these will eventually wear out, additional orbiters with communication relay capability are likely to be launched before any colonization expeditions are mounted.
The one-way communication delay due to the speed of light ranges from about 3 minutes at closest approach (approximated by perihelion of Mars minus aphelion of Earth) to 22 minutes at the largest possible superior conjunction (approximated by aphelion of Mars plus aphelion of Earth). Real-time communication, such as telephone conversations or Internet Relay Chat, between Earth and Mars would be highly impractical due to the long time lags involved. NASA has found that direct communication can be blocked for about two weeks every synodic period, around the time of superior conjunction when the Sun is directly between Mars and Earth,[37] although the actual duration of the communications blackout varies from mission to mission depending on various factors—such as the amount of link margin designed into the communications system, and the minimum data rate that is acceptable from a mission standpoint. In reality most missions at Mars have had communications blackout periods of the order of a month.[38]
A satellite at the L4 or L5 Earth–Sun Lagrangian point could serve as a relay during this period to solve the problem; even a constellation of communications satellites would be a minor expense in the context of a full colonization program. However, the size and power of the equipment needed for these distances make the L4 and L5 locations unrealistic for relay stations, and the inherent stability of these regions, although beneficial in terms of station-keeping, also attracts dust and asteroids, which could pose a risk.[39] Despite that concern, the STEREO probes passed through the L4 and L5 regions without damage in late 2009.
Recent work by the University of Strathclyde's Advanced Space Concepts Laboratory, in collaboration with the European Space Agency, has suggested an alternative relay architecture based on highly non-Keplerian orbits. These are a special kind of orbit produced when continuous low-thrust propulsion, such as that produced from an ion engine or solar sail, modifies the natural trajectory of a spacecraft. Such an orbit would enable continuous communications during solar conjunction by allowing a relay spacecraft to "hover" above Mars, out of the orbital plane of the two planets.[40] Such a relay avoids the problems of satellites stationed at either L4 or L5 by being significantly closer to the surface of Mars while still maintaining continuous communication between the two planets.
Robotic precursors[edit]
The path to a human colony could be prepared by robotic systems such as the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit, Opportunity and Curiosity. These systems could help locate resources, such as ground water or ice, that would help a colony grow and thrive. The lifetimes of these systems would be measured in years and even decades, and as recent developments in commercial spaceflight have shown, it may be that these systems will involve private as well as government ownership. These robotic systems also have a reduced cost compared with early crewed operations, and have less political risk.
Wired systems might lay the groundwork for early crewed landings and bases, by producing various consumables including fuel, oxidizers, water, and construction materials. Establishing power, communications, shelter, heating, and manufacturing basics can begin with robotic systems, if only as a prelude to crewed operations.
Mars Surveyor 2001 Lander MIP (Mars ISPP Precursor) was to demonstrate manufacture of oxygen from the atmosphere of Mars,[41] and test solar cell technologies and methods of mitigating the effect of Martian dust on the power systems.[42][dated info]
Before any people are transported to Mars on the notional 2030s Mars Colonial Transporter envisioned by SpaceX, a number of robotic cargo missions would be undertaken first in order to transport the requisite equipment, habitats and supplies.[43] Equipment that would be necessary would include "machines to produce fertilizer, methane and oxygen from Mars' atmospheric nitrogen and carbon dioxide and the planet's subsurface water ice" as well as construction materials to build transparent domes for initial agricultural areas.[44]
Early human missions[edit]
See also: Vision for Space Exploration
In 1948, Wernher von Braun described in his book The Mars Project that a fleet of 10 spaceships could be built using 1000 three-stage rockets. These could bring a population of 70 people to Mars.
All of the early human missions to Mars as conceived by national governmental space programs—such as those being tentatively planned by NASA, FKA and ESA—would not be direct precursors to colonization. They are intended solely as exploration missions, as the Apollo missions to the Moon were not planned to be sites of a permanent base.
Colonization requires the establishment of permanent bases that have potential for self-expansion. A famous proposal for building such bases is the Mars Direct and the Semi-Direct plans, advocated by Robert Zubrin.[29]
Other proposals that envision the creation of a settlement have come from Jim McLane and Bas Lansdorp (the man behind Mars One, which envisions no planned return flight for the humans embarking on the journey),[45] as well as from Elon Musk whose SpaceX company, as of 2015, is funding development work on a space transportation system called the Mars Colonial Transporter.[46][47]
The Mars Society has established the Mars Analogue Research Station Programme at sites Devon Island in Canada and in Utah, United States, to experiment with different plans for human operations on Mars, based on Mars Direct. Modern Martian architecture concepts often include facilities to produce oxygen and propellant on the surface of the planet.
Economics[edit]

Iron–nickel meteorite found on Mars's surface
As with early colonies in the New World, economics would be a crucial aspect to a colony's success. The reduced gravity well of Mars and its position in the Solar System may facilitate Mars–Earth trade and may provide an economic rationale for continued settlement of the planet. Given its size and resources, this might eventually be a place to grow food and produce equipment that would be used by miners in the asteroid belt.
A major economic problem is the enormous up-front investment required to establish the colony and perhaps also terraform the planet.
Some early Mars colonies might specialize in developing local resources for Martian consumption, such as water and/or ice. Local resources can also be used in infrastructure construction.[48] One source of Martian ore currently known to be available is metallic iron in the form of nickel–iron meteorites. Iron in this form is more easily extracted than from the iron oxides that cover the planet.
Another main inter-Martian trade good during early colonization could be manure.[49] Assuming that life doesn't exist on Mars, the soil is going to be very poor for growing plants, so manure and other fertilizers will be valued highly in any Martian civilization until the planet changes enough chemically to support growing vegetation on its own.
Solar power is a candidate for power for a Martian colony. Solar insolation (the amount of solar radiation that reaches Mars) is about 42% of that on Earth, since Mars is about 52% farther from the Sun and insolation falls off as the square of distance. But the thin atmosphere would allow almost all of that energy to reach the surface as compared to Earth, where the atmosphere absorbs roughly a quarter of the solar radiation. Sunlight on the surface of Mars would be much like a moderately cloudy day on Earth.[50]
Nuclear power is also a good candidate, since the fuel is very dense for cheap transportation from Earth. Nuclear power also produces heat, which would be extremely valuable to a Mars colony.
Mars's reduced gravity together with its rotation rate makes it possible for the construction of a space elevator with today's materials,[citation needed] although the low orbit of Phobos could present engineering challenges.[citation needed] If constructed, the elevator could transport minerals and other natural resources extracted from the planet.
Economic drivers[edit]
Space colonization on Mars can roughly be said to be possible when the necessary methods of space colonization become cheap enough (such as space access by cheaper launch systems) to meet the cumulative funds that have been gathered for the purpose.
Although there are no immediate prospects for the large amounts of money required for any space colonization to be available given traditional launch costs,[51][full citation needed] there is some prospect of a radical reduction to launch costs in the 2010s, which would consequently lessen the cost of any efforts in that direction. With a published price of US$56.5 million per launch of up to 13,150 kg (28,990 lb) payload[52] to low Earth orbit, SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets are already the "cheapest in the industry".[53] Advancements currently being developed as part of the SpaceX reusable launch system development program to enable reusable Falcon 9s "could drop the price by an order of magnitude, sparking more space-based enterprise, which in turn would drop the cost of access to space still further through economies of scale."[53] SpaceX' reusable plans include Falcon Heavy and future methane-based launch vehicles including the Mars Colonial Transporter. If SpaceX is successful in developing the reusable technology, it would be expected to "have a major impact on the cost of access to space", and change the increasingly competitive market in space launch services.[54]
Alternative funding approaches might include the creation of inducement prizes. For example, the 2004 President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy suggested that an inducement prize contest should be established, perhaps by government, for the achievement of space colonization. One example provided was offering a prize to the first organization to place humans on the Moon and sustain them for a fixed period before they return to Earth.[55]
Possible locations for settlements[edit]
Broad regions of Mars can be considered for possible settlement sites.
Polar regions[edit]
Mars's north and south poles once attracted great interest as settlement sites because seasonally-varying polar ice caps have long been observed by telescopes from Earth. Mars Odyssey found the largest concentration of water near the north pole, but also showed that water likely exists in lower latitudes as well, making the poles less compelling as a settlement locale. Like Earth, Mars sees a midnight sun at the poles during local summer and polar night during winter.
Equatorial regions[edit]
See also: Caves of Mars Project
Mars Odyssey found what appear to be natural caves near the volcano Arsia Mons. It has been speculated that settlers could benefit from the shelter that these or similar structures could provide from radiation and micrometeoroids. Geothermal energy is also suspected in the equatorial regions.[56]
Midlands[edit]

Eagle Crater, as seen from Opportunity (2004)
The exploration of Mars's surface is still underway. Landers and rovers such as Phoenix, the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity, and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity have encountered very different soil and rock characteristics. This suggests that the Martian landscape is quite varied and the ideal location for a settlement would be better determined when more data becomes available. As on Earth, seasonal variations in climate become greater with distance from the equator.
Valles Marineris[edit]
Valles Marineris, the "Grand Canyon" of Mars, is over 3,000 km long and averages 8 km deep. Atmospheric pressure at the bottom would be some 25% higher than the surface average, 0.9 kPa vs 0.7 kPa. River channels lead to the canyon, indicating it was once flooded.
Lava tubes[edit]
Several lava tube skylights on Mars have been located on the flanks of Arsia Mons. Earth based examples indicate that some should have lengthy passages offering complete protection from radiation and be relatively easy to seal using on-site materials, especially in small subsections.[57]
Advocacy[edit]
Mars colonization is advocated by several non-governmental groups for a range of reasons and with varied proposals. One of the oldest groups is the Mars Society who promote a NASA program to accomplish human exploration of Mars and have set up Mars analog research stations in Canada and the United States. MarsDrive is dedicated to private initiatives for the exploration and settlement of Mars. Mars to Stay advocates recycling emergency return vehicles into permanent settlements as soon as initial explorers determine permanent habitation is possible. Mars One, which went public in June 2012, aims to establish a fully operational permanent human colony on Mars by 2023 with funding coming from a reality TV show and other commercial exploitation, although this approach has been widely criticized as unrealistic and infeasible.[58][59][60]
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DividedFallout is online. DividedFallout
Joined: 13 Jan 2011
Total Posts: 8572
25 Apr 2015 06:59 PM
dear lord holmes

where did you found that information
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Milnaria is not online. Milnaria
Joined: 29 Apr 2014
Total Posts: 7536
25 Apr 2015 07:21 PM
I studied it all and wrote an essay just for you

ironically mars one is a scam
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LegoGuy375 is not online. LegoGuy375
Joined: 10 Nov 2012
Total Posts: 2324
26 Apr 2015 04:12 PM
bump
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