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ROBLOX Forum » Club Houses » Clans & Guilds
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Re: I wish more of you were like me, your king .

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FruitsZ is not online. FruitsZ
Joined: 22 Jan 2013
Total Posts: 25722
17 Dec 2014 09:45 PM
Ambitious, Brave, cunning, smart, intelligent, wise, skillful,


And a good role model


Such as myself
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FruitsZ is not online. FruitsZ
Joined: 22 Jan 2013
Total Posts: 25722
17 Dec 2014 09:48 PM
And kind
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mattjames4 is not online. mattjames4
Joined: 16 Jun 2009
Total Posts: 6602
17 Dec 2014 09:51 PM
you really love yourself don't you.
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ImNinja101 is not online. ImNinja101
Joined: 18 Jun 2011
Total Posts: 8283
17 Dec 2014 09:51 PM
*stupid, arrogant, annoying, selfish, liar
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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
Joined: 19 Feb 2011
Total Posts: 21464
17 Dec 2014 09:52 PM
Gullible, egotistical, imbecilic, condescending, bigheaded,

And an asshat!

If you ain't first, you're last.
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legothron1998 is not online. legothron1998
Joined: 14 May 2012
Total Posts: 1353
17 Dec 2014 09:52 PM
just no
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NiteOwlFac is not online. NiteOwlFac
Joined: 14 Jan 2012
Total Posts: 3754
17 Dec 2014 09:53 PM
just no
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mike1291 is not online. mike1291
Joined: 13 Feb 2008
Total Posts: 4631
17 Dec 2014 09:53 PM
In most dialects of English, the letter's name is 'zed' /ˈzɛd/, reflecting its derivation from the Greek zeta (this dates to Latin, which borrowed X, Y and Z from Greek, along with their names), but in American English its name is 'zee' /ˈziː/, analogous to the names for B, C, D, etc., and deriving from a late 17th century English dialectal form.[2]

Another English dialectal form is /ˈɪzərd/. It dates from the mid-18th century and probably derives from Occitan izèda or the French ézed, whose reconstructed Latin form would be *idzēta,[1] perhaps a popularform with a prosthetic vowel.

Other languages spell the letter's name in a similar way: zeta in Italian, Spanish andIcelandic (no longer part of its alphabet but found in personal names), zäta in Swedish in Danish, zet in Dutch, Polish, Romanianand Czech, Zett in German (capitalised as noun), zett in Norwegian, zède in French, zê inPortuguese, and zét in Vietnamese. Several languages lacking /z/ as phoneme render it as /ts/~/dz/, e.g. zeta /tsetɑ/ or /tset/ inFinnish. In Standard Chinese pinyin the name of the letter Z is pronounced [tsɨ], although the English 'zed' and American English 'zee' have become very common.


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mike1291 is not online. mike1291
Joined: 13 Feb 2008
Total Posts: 4631
17 Dec 2014 09:53 PM
A previous study suggested that consuming five portions of fruits and vegetables a day is the optimum amount for lowering the risk of death from any cause, which contradicts another study that suggested we should be eating seven portions of fruit and veg a day.

The researchers from this latest study, led by Dr. Saverio Stranges of the University of Warwick Medical School in the UK, used data from the Health Survey for England, which included nearly 14,000 adults over the age of 16.

This survey collected detailed information on the mental and physical health of the participants, as well as their health-related behaviors, demographics and socio-economic characteristics.

In addition, the team assessed the participants' mental well-being using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, putting the top 15% of participants in the "high mental well-being" group, the bottom 15% in the low group, and those between 16-84% in the middle group.

'The higher the veg and fruit intake, the lower the chance of low well-being'

Overall, the researchers found that high and low mental well-being were typically associated with the participants' fruit and vegetable intake.

In detail, 35.5% of participants with high mental well-being ate five or more portions of fruits and vegetables a day, compared with only 6.8% who consumed less than one portion.

Additionally, 31.4% of the individuals from the high mental well-being group ate three to four fruit and veg portions per day, and 28.4% ate one to two.

"The data suggest that [the] higher an individual's fruit and vegetable intake, the lower the chance of their having low mental well-being," says Dr. Stranges.

The researchers also considered other health-related behaviors - such as smoking, alcohol intake and obesity- and found that only smoking and fruit and vegetable intake were consistently associated with mental well-being.

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mike1291 is not online. mike1291
Joined: 13 Feb 2008
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17 Dec 2014 09:54 PM
Call of Duty (commonly shortened to COD) is a first-person and third-person shooter video game franchise. The series began on the PC, and later expanded to consoles andhandhelds. Several spin-off games have also been released. The earlier games in the series are set primarily in World War II, including Call of Duty, Call of Duty 2, and Call of Duty 3. Beginning with Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, which is set in modern times, the series has shifted focus away from World War II. Modern Warfare (released November 2007) was followed by Call of Duty: World at War and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2Black Ops (released November 2010) takes place in the Cold War, while Modern Warfare 3 (released November 2011) takes place in a near-future setting. Black Ops II (released November 2012) takes place in the year 2025.Call of Duty: Ghosts was released in November 2013. In May 2014, Advanced Warfare was announced.

The Call of Duty games are published and owned by Activision. While the studio Infinity Ward primarily still develops them, Treyarchhas also developed several of the titles with the release of the studios' games interlaced with each other. Some games have been developed by Gray Matter Interactive, Nokia, Spark Unlimited, Amaze Entertainment, n-Space, Aspyr, Rebellion Developments, Ideaworks Game Studio,Sledgehammer Games, and nStigate Games. The games use a variety of engines, including the id Tech 3, the Treyarch NGL, and the IW 5.0.

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NiteOwlFac is not online. NiteOwlFac
Joined: 14 Jan 2012
Total Posts: 3754
17 Dec 2014 09:55 PM
what the...
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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
Joined: 19 Feb 2011
Total Posts: 21464
17 Dec 2014 09:57 PM
Ronald Wilson Reagan (/ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American actor and politician. He was the 40th President of the United States (1981–89), and served as the 33rd Governor of California (1967–75) prior to his presidency.

Born and raised in small towns in Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College and then worked as a radio broadcaster. He moved to Hollywood in 1937, where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later in television. Reagan served as President of the Screen Actors Guild and later as a spokesman for General Electric (G.E.); his start in politics occurred during his work for G.E. Originally, he was a member of the Democratic Party, but due to the parties' shifting platforms during the 1950s, he switched to the Republican Party in 1962.[1]

After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and in 1976, but won both the nomination and general election in 1980, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.[1]

As president, Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives. His supply-side economic policies, dubbed "Reaganomics", advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending. In his first term he survived an assassination attempt, took a hard line against labor unions, escalated the War on Drugs, and ordered an invasion of Grenada to reverse a Communist coup.

He was re-elected in a landslide in 1984, proclaiming that it was "Morning in America". His second term was primarily marked by foreign matters, such as the ending of the Cold War, the 1986 bombing of Libya, and the revelation of the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an "evil empire",[2] he supported anti-communist movements worldwide and spent his first term forgoing the strategy of détente in favor of rollback by escalating an arms race with the USSR. Reagan subsequently negotiated with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, culminating in the INF Treaty and the decrease of both countries' nuclear arsenals. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred soon afterward.

Reagan left office in 1989. In 1994, the former president disclosed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease earlier in the year; he died ten years later at the age of 93. A conservative icon, he ranks highly in public opinion polls of U.S. Presidents and is credited for generating an ideological renaissance on the American political right.

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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
Joined: 19 Feb 2011
Total Posts: 21464
17 Dec 2014 09:58 PM
A Twinkie is an American snack cake, marketed as a "Golden Sponge Cake with Creamy Filling". It was formerly made and distributed by Hostess Brands and is again being sold under the Hostess Brands name. The brand is currently owned by private equity firms Apollo Global Management and C. Dean Metropoulos and Company. Twinkie production in the United States resumed after an absence on American store shelves, becoming available again nationwide on July 15, 2013.[1][2] Twinkies are produced in Canada by Saputo Incorporated's Vachon Inc. (at a bakery in Montreal) which owns the Canadian rights for the product and were still available during the absence in the US market.[3][4][full citation needed] Twinkies are also available in Mexican stores, made by Marinela, a subsidiary of Mexican bread company Grupo Bimbo.[5][6] In Egypt, Twinkies are produced under the company Edita. There are also no imports in Egypt from foreign countries of Twinkies.

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Hostess bankruptcy
1.2 Return of Twinkies to US market
2 Deep-fried Twinkie
3 Cultural references
3.1 Twinkie defense
3.2 Shelf life
3.3 Twinkie diet
3.4 Twinkie wiener sandwich
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]

Box of Hostess Twinkies by Saputo Incorporated (in production)
Twinkies were invented in Schiller Park, Illinois[7] on April 6, 1930, by James Alexander Dewar, a baker for the Continental Baking Company.[8] Realizing that several machines used to make cream-filled strawberry shortcake sat idle when strawberries were out of season, Dewar conceived a snack cake filled with banana cream, which he dubbed the Twinkie.[9] Ritchy Koph said he came up with the name when he saw a billboard in St. Louis for "Twinkle Toe Shoes".[10] During World War II, bananas were rationed and the company was forced to switch to vanilla cream. This change proved popular, and banana-cream Twinkies were not widely re-introduced. The original flavor was occasionally found in limited-time promotions, but the company used vanilla cream for most Twinkies.[11] In 1988, Fruit and Cream Twinkies were introduced with a strawberry filling swirled into the cream. The product was soon dropped.[12] Vanilla's dominance over banana flavoring would be challenged in 2005, following a month-long promotion of the movie King Kong. Hostess saw its Twinkie sales rise 20 percent during the promotion, and in 2007 restored the banana-cream Twinkie to its snack lineup.[13]

Hostess bankruptcy[edit]
On May 4, 2012,[14] parent company Hostess filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[10] Twinkie sales for the year ended December 25, 2011, were 36 million packages, down almost 20% from a year earlier.[10] Hostess said customers have migrated to healthier foods.[10] On November 16, 2012 at 7:00am (EST), Hostess officially announced that it "will be winding down operations and has filed a motion with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court seeking permission to close its business and sell its assets, including its iconic brands and facilities. Bakery operations were suspended at all plants.[15]


Box of Hostess Twinkies by Hostess Brands
On November 19, 2012, Hostess and the Bakers Union agreed to mediation, delaying the shutdown for two days. On November 21, 2012, US Bankruptcy judge Robert Drain approved Hostess' request to shutdown, temporarily ending Twinkie production in the United States.[16]

Return of Twinkies to US market[edit]
On March 12, 2013, it was reported that Twinkies would return to store shelves in May of that year. Twinkies, along with other famed Hostess Brands, were purchased out of bankruptcy by Apollo Global Management and Metropoulos & Co for $410 million.[17][18] Twinkies returned to US shelves on July 15, 2013.[19]

Before Hostess Brands filed for bankruptcy, Twinkies were reduced in size. They now contain 135 calories and have a mass of 38.5 grams, while the original Twinkies contained 150 calories and had a mass of 42.5 grams. The new Twinkies also have a longer shelf life of 45 days, which was also a change made before bankruptcy, compared to the 26 days of the original Twinkies.[20]

Deep-fried Twinkie[edit]

A deep-fried Twinkie
A deep-fried Twinkie involves freezing the cake, dipping it into batter, and deep-frying it to create a variation on the traditional snack cake. In a story in The New York Times speaking of the Deep Fried Twinkie with its inventor, Christopher Sell, who is originally from Rugby, England, it was described in this way: "Something magical occurs when the pastry hits the hot oil. The creamy white vegetable shortening filling liquefies, impregnating the sponge cake with its luscious vanilla flavor.... The cake itself softens and warms, nearly melting, contrasting with the crisp, deep-fried crust in a buttery and suave way. The pièce de résistance, however, is a ruby-hued berry sauce, adding a tart sophistication to all that airy sugary goodness".[21] The Texas State Fair had introduced the fried Twinkie to great popular acclaim, and the notion spread to other state fairs across the U.S., as well as some establishments that specialize in fried foods.[22] Fried Twinkies are sold throughout the U.S. in fairs as well as ball games, and in various restaurants.

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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
Joined: 19 Feb 2011
Total Posts: 21464
17 Dec 2014 10:00 PM
Roblox, stylized as RŌBLOX, is a massively multiplayer online game created and marketed toward children and teenagers aged 8–18. In the game, players are able to create their own virtual world, in which they or other members may enter and socialize within the blocks of varying shapes, sizes, and colors.[2] Games on Roblox can be scripted using a sandboxed edition of Lua 5.1, to affect events that occur in-game and create different scenarios. The company's main source of revenue comes from the "Builders Club" virtual benefits, in which users who have created an account may purchase either Builders Club, Turbo Builders Club, or Outrageous Builders Club, otherwise known by users as BC, TBC, and OBC, respectively.[3]

Contents [hide]
1 History and development
1.1 Development and Beta (2004-2006)
1.2 Early history (2006–2009)
1.3 Exclusive features and game features (2010–2012)
1.4 Contemporary history (2012–present)
2 Gameplay
2.1 Social interaction
2.2 World construction
2.3 Economy and currency
2.4 Mobile gameplay
2.5 Holiday traditions
3 Moderation
4 Upgrades
5 Relief funds
6 Events
6.1 Roblox Rally 2011
6.2 Roblox Game Conference 2012
6.3 Bloxcon 2013
6.4 2013 Roblox Film Festival
6.5 Monthly Bloxcasts
6.6 2014 Tour
7 References
8 Website
History and development
Roblox was created by founder and co-founder David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and officially launched into its beta version, titled "Dynablocks" in 2005. It wasn't long before "Dynablocks" was renamed to ROBLOX and the website was officially launched in 2006.[4] It was named after a portmanteau of the words robots and blocks.[5]

Development and Beta (2004-2006)
David Baszucki and Erik Cassel founded ROBLOX, then known as Dynablocks, in 2004. After a year of development, Dynablocks was renamed ROBLOX and was launched into Beta in 2005. In 2005, people could gain the cuurency at that time, Roblox Points, by completing single-player minigames developed by other users. In 2006, Roblox was officially released and more users registered.

Early history (2006–2009)
In early 2006, Roblox had one currency, known as Roblox Points, which was subsequently discontinued and replaced with "Tickets" and "Robux". In mid-2007, Roblox added more customization to user characters to allow items such as hairpieces to be worn.[6] Roblox badges were first introduced on 22 December 2006.[7] Meshes were added, and so were the abilities of sending friend requests to other players, and sending messages. Other things accomplished in 2006 were searching through players, places, and items, multiplayer places, stats, and inventories.[8]

In 2007, character customization became possible.[9] In late January, the abuse report queue was introduced, with the ability for any user to report content as inappropriate through the "Report Abuse" buttons disseminated throughout the site.[10] In March 2007, Roblox became compliant with COPPA, with the addition of safe chat, a change which made users who indicated to be under the age of 13 at registration only able to communicate by selecting predefined messages from a menu.[11] In August 2007, Roblox added Builders Club, a premium membership, and applied server improvements.[12]



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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
Joined: 19 Feb 2011
Total Posts: 21464
17 Dec 2014 10:04 PM
Pokémon (ポケモン?)[1][2] is a media franchise owned by The Pokémon Company,[3] and created by Satoshi Tajiri in 1996. It is centered around fictional creatures called "Pokémon", which humans capture and train to fight each other for sport.

The franchise began as a pair of video games for the original Game Boy, developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo. The franchise now spans video games, trading card games, animated television shows and movies, comic books, and toys. Pokémon is the second-most successful and lucrative video game-based media franchise in the world, behind only Nintendo's Mario franchise.[4]

The franchise celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2006.[5] Cumulative sales of the video games (including home console versions, such as "Hey You, Pikachu!" for the Nintendo 64) have reached more than 200 million copies.[6] In November 2005, 4Kids Entertainment, which had managed the non-game related licensing of Pokémon, announced that it had agreed not to renew the Pokémon representation agreement. Pokémon USA Inc. (now The Pokémon Company International), a subsidiary of Japan's Pokémon Co., now oversees all Pokémon licensing outside of Asia.[7]

Contents [hide]
1 Name
2 Concept
3 List of Pokémon
4 Video games
4.1 Generations
4.2 Game mechanics
4.2.1 Starter Pokémon
4.2.2 Pokédex
5 In other media
5.1 Anime series
5.2 Films
5.3 Soundtracks
5.4 Pokémon Trading Card Game
5.5 Manga
6 Criticism and controversy
6.1 Morality and religious beliefs
6.2 Health
6.3 Monster in My Pocket
7 Cultural influence
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Name
The name Pokémon is the romanized contraction of the Japanese brand Pocket Monsters (ポケットモンスター Poketto Monsutā?).[8] The term Pokémon, in addition to referring to the Pokémon franchise itself, also collectively refers to the 719 known fictional species that have made appearances in Pokémon media as of the release of the sixth generation titles Pokémon X and Y. "Pokémon" is identical in both the singular and plural, as is each individual species name; it is grammatically correct to say "one Pokémon" and "many Pokémon", as well as "one Pikachu" and "many Pikachu".[9] (However, Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow feature NPCs referring to the plurals of Clefairy and Diglett with an "s" at the end, shown "CLEFAIRYs" and "DIGLETTs", respectively. This was fixed in FireRed and LeafGreen.)

Concept
Tajiri first thought of Pokemon around 1989, when the Game Boy was first released.[10] The concept of the Pokémon universe, in both the video games and the general fictional world of Pokémon, stems from the hobby of insect collecting, a popular pastime which Pokémon executive director Satoshi Tajiri enjoyed as a child.[11] Players of the games are designated as Pokémon Trainers, and the two general goals (in most Pokémon games) for such Trainers are: to complete the Pokédex by collecting all of the available Pokémon species found in the fictional region where that game takes place; and to train a team of powerful Pokémon from those they have caught to compete against teams owned by other Trainers, and eventually become the strongest Trainer: the Pokémon Master. These themes of collecting, training, and battling are present in almost every version of the Pokémon franchise, including the video games, the anime and manga series, and the Pokémon Trading Card Game.

In most incarnations of the fictional Pokémon universe, a Trainer that encounters a wild Pokémon is able to capture that Pokémon by throwing a specially designed, mass-producible spherical tool called a Poké Ball at it. If the Pokémon is unable to escape the confines of the Poké Ball, it is officially considered to be under the ownership of that Trainer. Afterwards, it will obey whatever its new master commands, unless the Trainer demonstrates such a lack of experience that the Pokémon would rather act on its own accord. Trainers can send out any of their Pokémon to wage non-lethal battles against other Pokémon; if the opposing Pokémon is wild, the Trainer can capture that Pokémon with a Poké Ball, increasing his or her collection of creatures. Pokémon already owned by other Trainers cannot be captured, except under special circumstances in certain games. If a Pokémon fully defeats an opponent in battle so that the opponent is knocked out (i.e., "faints"), the winning Pokémon gains experience points and may level up. When leveling up, the Pokémon's statistics ("stats") of battling aptitude increase, such as Attack and Speed. From time to time the Pokémon may also learn new moves, which are techniques used in battle. In addition, many species of Pokémon possess the ability to undergo a form of metamorphosis and transform into a similar but stronger species of Pokémon, a process called evolution.

In the main series, each game's single-player mode requires the Trainer to raise a team of Pokémon to defeat many non-player character (NPC) Trainers and their Pokémon. Each game lays out a somewhat linear path through a specific region of the Pokémon world for the Trainer to journey through, completing events and battling opponents along the way. Each game features eight especially powerful Trainers, referred to as Gym Leaders, that the Trainer must defeat in order to progress. As a reward, the Trainer receives a Gym Badge, and once all eight badges are collected, that Trainer is eligible to challenge the region's Pokémon League, where four immensely talented trainers (referred to collectively as the "Elite Four") challenge the Trainer to four Pokémon battles in succession. If the trainer can overcome this gauntlet, he or she must then challenge the Regional Champion, the master Trainer who had previously defeated the Elite Four. Any Trainer who wins this last battle becomes the new champion.



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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
Joined: 19 Feb 2011
Total Posts: 21464
17 Dec 2014 10:07 PM
Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world.[1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.

The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors.

The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special versions with lemon, lime or coffee. In 2013, Coke products could be found in over 200 countries worldwide, with consumers downing more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings each day.[2]

Based on Interbrand's best global brand study of 2011, Coca-Cola was the world's most valuable brand.[3]


John Pemberton, the inventor of Coca-Cola
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 19th century historical origins
1.1.1 The Coca-Cola Company
1.2 Origins of bottling
1.3 20th century
1.4 New Coke
1.5 21st century
2 Production
2.1 Ingredients
2.2 Formula of natural flavorings
2.3 Use of stimulants in formula
2.3.1 Coca – cocaine
2.3.2 Kola nuts – caffeine
2.4 Franchised production model
3 Geographic spread
4 Brand portfolio
4.1 Logo design
4.2 Contour bottle design
4.3 Types
4.4 Designer bottles
5 Competitors
6 Advertising
6.1 Holiday campaigns
6.2 Sports sponsorship
6.3 In mass media
7 Criticism
7.1 Health effects
7.2 Allergy
8 Use as political and corporate symbol
9 Social causes
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
12.1 Primary sources
13 External links
History
19th century historical origins

Eagle Drug and Chemical House, Columbus, Georgia

Believed to be the first coupon ever, this ticket for a free glass of Coca-Cola was first distributed in 1888 to help promote the drink. By 1913, the company had redeemed 8.5 million tickets.[4]

This Coca-Cola advertisement from 1943 is still displayed in Minden, Louisiana.

Early Coca-Cola bottling machine at Biedenharn Museum and Gardens in Monroe, Louisiana
Colonel John Pemberton was wounded in the Civil War, became addicted to morphine, and began a quest to find a substitute for the dangerous opiate.[5] The prototype Coca-Cola recipe was formulated at Pemberton's Eagle Drug and Chemical House,[6] a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia, originally as a coca wine.[7][8] He may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a European coca wine.[9]

In 1885, Pemberton registered his French Wine Coca nerve tonic.[10] In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a nonalcoholic version of French Wine Coca.[11] The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886.[12] It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents[13] a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health.[14] Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal.[15]

By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola – sold by three separate businesses – were on the market. A copartnership had been formed on January 14, 1888 between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A.O. Murphey; C.O. Mullahy and E.H. Bloodworth. Not codified by any signed document, a verbal statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pemberton's company as early as 1887.[16] John Pemberton declared that the name "Coca-Cola" belonged to his son, Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula.[17]

Charley Pemberton's record of control over the "Coca-Cola" name was the underlying factor that allowed for him to participate as a major shareholder in the March 1888 Coca-Cola Company incorporation filing made in his father's place.[18] Charley's exclusive control over the "Coca Cola" name became a continual thorn in Asa Candler's side. Candler's oldest son, Charles Howard Candler, authored a book in 1950 published by Emory University. In this definitive biography about his father, Candler specifically states: "..., on April 14, 1888, the young druggist [Asa Griggs Candler] purchased a one-third interest in the formula of an almost completely unknown proprietary elixir known as Coca-Cola."[19]


Old German Coca-Cola bottle opener.
The deal was actually between John Pemberton's son Charley and Walker, Candler & Co. – with John Pemberton acting as cosigner for his son. For $50 down and $500 in 30 days, Walker, Candler & Co. obtained all of the one-third interest in the Coca-Cola Company that Charley held, all while Charley still held on to the name. After the April 14 deal, on April 17, 1888, one-half of the Walker/Dozier interest shares were acquired by Candler for an additional $750.[20]

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mattapplestar is not online. mattapplestar
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17 Dec 2014 10:07 PM
[ Content Deleted ]
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LordExylia is not online. LordExylia
Joined: 16 Mar 2010
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17 Dec 2014 10:09 PM
you were dethroned sir



I'M FOXY (^:
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Adam335 is not online. Adam335
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17 Dec 2014 10:10 PM
Sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammals typically kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus Ovis, in everyday usage it almost always refers to Ovis aries. Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female sheep is referred to as a ewe (/juː/), an intact male as a ram or occasionally a tup, a castrated male as a wether, and a younger sheep as a lamb.

Sheep are most likely descended from the wild mouflon of Europe and Asia. One of the earliest animals to be domesticated for agricultural purposes, sheep are raised for fleece, meat (lamb, hogget or mutton) and milk. A sheep's wool is the most widely used animal fiber, and is usually harvested by shearing. Ovine meat is called lamb when from younger animals and mutton when from older ones. Sheep continue to be important for wool and meat today, and are also occasionally raised for pelts, as dairy animals, or as model organisms for science.

Sheep husbandry is practised throughout the majority of the inhabited world, and has been fundamental to many civilizations. In the modern era, Australia, New Zealand, the southern and central South American nations, and the British Isles are most closely associated with sheep production.

Sheepraising has a large lexicon of unique terms which vary considerably by region and dialect. Use of the word sheep began in Middle English as a derivation of the Old English word scēap; it is both the singular and plural name for the animal. A group of sheep is called a flock, herd or mob. Many other specific terms for the various life stages of sheep exist, generally related to lambing, shearing, and age.

Being a key animal in the history of farming, sheep have a deeply entrenched place in human culture, and find representation in much modern language and symbology. As livestock, sheep are most often associated with pastoral, Arcadian imagery. Sheep figure in many mythologies—such as the Golden Fleece—and major religions, especially the Abrahamic traditions. In both ancient and modern religious ritual, sheep are used as sacrificial animals.

Contents [hide]
1 Description and evolution
1.1 Sheep compared to goats
1.2 Breeds
2 Diet
2.1 Grazing behavior
2.2 Rumination
3 Concentrated diets
4 Water
5 Behavior
5.1 Flock behavior
5.2 Dominance hierarchy
5.3 Intelligence and learning ability
5.4 Vocalisations
5.5 Senses
6 Reproduction
7 Health
7.1 Predation
8 Economic importance
9 Food
10 Science
11 Cultural impact
11.1 Religion and folklore
12 See also
13 Footnotes
14 References
15 External links
Description and evolution
See also: History of sheep

A sheep's skull
Domestic sheep are relatively small ruminants, usually with a crimped hair called wool and often with horns forming a lateral spiral. Domestic sheep differ from their wild relatives and ancestors in several respects, having become uniquely neotenic as a result of selective breeding by humans.[1][2] A few primitive breeds of sheep retain some of the characteristics of their wild cousins, such as short tails. Depending on breed, domestic sheep may have no horns at all (i.e. polled), or horns in both sexes, or in males only. Most horned breeds have a single pair, but a few breeds may have several.[3]

Another trait unique to domestic sheep as compared to wild ovines is their wide variation in color. Wild sheep are largely variations of brown hues, and variation within species is extremely limited. Colors of domestic sheep range from pure white to dark chocolate brown and even spotted or piebald.[4][5] Selection for easily dyeable white fleeces began early in sheep domestication, and as white wool is a dominant trait it spread quickly. However, colored sheep do appear in many modern breeds, and may even appear as a recessive trait in white flocks.[4][5] While white wool is desirable for large commercial markets, there is a niche market for colored fleeces, mostly for handspinning.[6] The nature of the fleece varies widely among the breeds, from dense and highly crimped, to long and hairlike. There is variation of wool type and quality even among members of the same flock, so wool classing is a step in the commercial processing of the fibre.


Suffolks are a medium wool, black-faced breed of meat sheep that make up 60% of the sheep population in the U.S.[7]
Depending on breed, sheep show a range of heights and weights. Their rate of growth and mature weight is a heritable trait that is often selected for in breeding.[7] Ewes typically weigh between 45 and 100 kilograms (99 and 220 lb), and rams between 45 and 160 kilograms (99 and 353 lb).[8] When all deciduous teeth have erupted, the sheep has 20 teeth.[9] Mature sheep have 32 teeth. As with other ruminants, the front teeth in the lower jaw bite against a hard, toothless pad in the upper jaw. These are used to pick off vegetation, then the rear teeth grind it before it is swallowed. There are eight lower front teeth in ruminants, but there is some disagreement as to whether these are eight incisors, or six incisors and two incisor-shaped canines. This means that the dental formula for sheep is either
0.0.3.3
4.0.3.3
or
0.0.3.3
3.1.3.3
[10] There is a large diastema between the incisors and the molars.

For the first few years of life it is possible to calculate the age of sheep from their front teeth, as a pair of milk teeth is replaced by larger adult teeth each year, the full set of eight adult front teeth being complete at about four years of age. The front teeth are then gradually lost as sheep age, making it harder for them to feed and hindering the health and productivity of the animal. For this reason, domestic sheep on normal pasture begin to slowly decline from four years on, and the average life expectancy of a sheep is 10 to 12 years, though some sheep may live as long as 20 years.[3][11][12]

Sheep have good hearing, and are sensitive to noise when being handled.[13] Sheep have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, possessing excellent peripheral vision; with visual fields of approximately 270° to 320°, sheep can see behind themselves without turning their heads.[6][14] Many breeds have only short hair on the face, and some have facial wool (if any) confined to the poll and or the area of the mandibular angle; the wide angles of peripheral vision apply to these breeds. A few breeds tend to have considerable wool on the face; for some individuals of these breeds, peripheral vision may be greatly reduced by "wool blindness", unless recently shorn about the face.[15] Sheep have poor depth perception; shadows and dips in the ground may cause sheep to baulk. In general, sheep have a tendency to move out of the dark and into well lit areas,[16] and prefer to move uphill when disturbed. Sheep also have an excellent sense of smell, and, like all species of their genus, have scent glands just in front of the eyes, and interdigitally on the feet. The purpose of these glands is uncertain,[17] but those on the face may be used in breeding behaviors.[7] The foot glands might also be related to reproduction,[7] but alternative reasons, such as secretion of a waste product or a scent marker to help lost sheep find their flock, have also been proposed.[17]

Sheep compared to goats
Sheep and goats are closely related as both are in the subfamily Caprinae. However, they are separate species, so hybrids rarely occur, and are always infertile. A hybrid of a ewe and a buck (a male goat) is called a sheep-goat hybrid (only a single such animal has been confirmed), and is not to be confused with the sheep-goat chimera, though both are known as "geep". Visual differences between sheep and goats include the beard of goats and divided upper lip of sheep. Sheep tails also hang down, even when short or docked, while the short tails of goats are held upwards. Sheep breeds are also often naturally polled (either in both sexes or just in the female), while naturally polled goats are rare (though many are polled artificially). Males of the two species differ in that buck goats acquire a unique and strong odor during the rut, whereas rams do not.[12]

Breeds

Sheep being judged for adherence to their breed standard, and being held by the most common method of restraint
See also: List of sheep breeds
The domestic sheep is a multi-purpose animal, and the more than 200 breeds now in existence were created to serve these diverse purposes.[3][18] Some sources give a count of a thousand or more breeds,[19][20] but these numbers cannot be verified, according to some sources.[6][12] However, several hundred breeds of sheep have been identified by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN), with the estimated number varying somewhat from time to time: e.g. 863 breeds as of 1993,[21] 1314 breeds as of 1995[22] and 1229 breeds as of 2006.[23] (These numbers exclude extinct breeds, which are also tallied by the FAO.) For purposes of such tallies, the FAO definition of a breed is "either a subspecific group of domestic livestock with definable and identifiable external characteristics that enable it to be separated by visual appraisal from other similarly defined groups within the same species or a group for which geographical and/or cultural separation from phenotypically similar groups has led to acceptance of its separate identity."[23] Almost all sheep are classified as being best suited to furnishing a certain product: wool, meat, milk, hides, or a combination in a dual-purpose breed. Other features used when classifying sheep include face color (generally white or black), tail length, presence or lack of horns, and the topography for which the breed has been developed. This last point is especially stressed in the UK, where breeds are described as either upland (hill or mountain) or lowland breeds.[16] A sheep may also be of a fat-tailed type, which is a dual-purpose sheep common in Africa and Asia with larger deposits of fat within and around its tail.


The Barbados Blackbelly is a hair sheep breed of Caribbean origin.
Breeds are often categorized by the type of their wool. Fine wool breeds are those that have wool of great crimp and density, which are preferred for textiles. Most of these were derived from Merino sheep, and the breed continues to dominate the world sheep industry. Downs breeds have wool between the extremes, and are typically fast-growing meat and ram breeds with dark faces.[24] Some major medium wool breeds, such as the Corriedale, are dual-purpose crosses of long and fine-wooled breeds and were created for high-production commercial flocks. Long wool breeds are the largest of sheep, with long wool and a slow rate of growth. Long wool sheep are most valued for crossbreeding to improve the attributes of other sheep types. For example: the American Columbia breed was developed by crossing Lincoln rams (a long wool breed) with fine-wooled Rambouillet ewes.

Coarse or carpet wool sheep are those with a medium to long length wool of characteristic coarseness. Breeds traditionally used for carpet wool show great variability, but the chief requirement is a wool that will not break down under heavy use (as would that of the finer breeds). As the demand for carpet-quality wool declines, some breeders of this type of sheep are attempting to use a few of these traditional breeds for alternative purposes. Others have always been primarily meat-class sheep.[25]

A minor class of sheep are the dairy breeds. Dual-purpose breeds that may primarily be meat or wool sheep are often used secondarily as milking animals, but there are a few breeds that are predominantly used for milking. These sheep do produce a higher quantity of milk and have slightly longer lactation curves.[26] In the quality of their milk, fat and protein content percentages of dairy sheep vary from non-dairy breeds but lactose content does not.[27]

A last group of sheep breeds is that of fur or hair sheep, which do not grow wool at all. Hair sheep are similar to the early domesticated sheep kept before woolly breeds were developed, and are raised for meat and pelts. Some modern breeds of hair sheep, such as the Dorper, result from crosses between wool and hair breeds. For meat and hide producers, hair sheep are cheaper to keep, as they do not need shearing.[25] Hair sheep are also more resistant to parasites and hot weather.[12]

With the modern rise of corporate agribusiness and the decline of localized family farms, many breeds of sheep are in danger of extinction. The Rare Breeds Survival Trust of the UK lists 22 native breeds as having only 3,000 registered animals (each), and The Livestock Conservancy lists 14 as either "critical" or "threatened".[28][29][30] Preferences for breeds with uniform characteristics and fast growth have pushed heritage (or heirloom) breeds to the margins of the sheep industry.[25] Those that remain are maintained through the efforts of conservation organizations, breed registries, and individual farmers dedicated to their preservation.

Diet

A ewe grazing
Sheep are exclusively herbivorous mammals. Most breeds prefer to graze on grass and other short roughage, avoiding the taller woody parts of plants that goats readily consume.[31] Both sheep and goats use their lips and tongues to select parts of the plant that are easier to digest or higher in nutrition.[31] Sheep, however, graze well in monoculture pastures where most goats fare poorly.[31] Like all ruminants, sheep have a complex digestive system composed of four chambers, allowing them to break down cellulose from stems, leaves, and seed hulls into simpler carbohydrates. When sheep graze, vegetation is chewed into a mass called a bolus, which is then passed into the rumen, via the reticulum. The rumen is a 19- to 38-liter (5 to 10 gal) organ in which feed is fermented.[32] The fermenting organisms include bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.[33] (Other important rumen organisms include some archaea, which produce methane from carbon dioxide.[34]) The bolus is periodically regurgitated back to the mouth as cud for additional chewing and salivation.[32] Cud chewing is an adaptation allowing ruminants to graze more quickly in the morning, and then fully chew and digest feed later in the day.[35] This is safer than grazing, which requires lowering the head thus leaving the animal vulnerable to predators, while cud chewing does not.[12]

Other than forage, the other staple feed for sheep is hay, often during the winter months. The ability to thrive solely on pasture (even without hay) varies with breed, but all sheep can survive on this diet.[25] Also included in some sheep's diets are minerals, either in a trace mix or in licks.

Grazing behavior
Sheep follow a diurnal pattern of activity, feeding from dawn to dusk, stopping sporadically to rest and chew their cud. Ideal pasture for sheep is not lawnlike grass, but an array of grasses, legumes and forbs.[36] Types of land where sheep are raised vary widely, from pastures that are seeded and improved intentionally to rough, native lands. Common plants toxic to sheep are present in most of the world, and include (but are not limited to) cherry, some oaks and acorns, tomato, yew, rhubarb, potato, and rhododendron.[37]


Sheep graze on public land in Snake Valley, Utah.
Effects on pasture
Sheep are largely grazing herbivores, unlike browsing animals such as goats and deer that prefer taller foliage. With a much narrower face, sheep crop plants very close to the ground and can overgraze a pasture much faster than cattle.[12] For this reason, many shepherds use managed intensive rotational grazing, where a flock is rotated through multiple pastures, giving plants time to recover.[12][16] Paradoxically, sheep can both cause and solve the spread of invasive plant species. By disturbing the natural state of pasture, sheep and other livestock can pave the way for invasive plants. However, sheep also prefer to eat invasives such as cheatgrass, leafy spurge, kudzu and spotted knapweed over native species such as sagebrush, making grazing sheep effective for conservation grazing.[38] Research conducted in Imperial County, California compared lamb grazing with herbicides for weed control in seedling alfalfa fields. Three trials demonstrated that grazing lambs were just as effective as herbicides in controlling winter weeds. Entomologists also compared grazing lambs to insecticides for insect control in winter alfalfa. In this trial, lambs provided insect control as effectively as insecticides.[39]

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Froot Loops is a brand of sweetened, fruit-flavored breakfast cereal produced by Kellogg's and sold in many countries. The cereal pieces are ring-shaped (hence "loops") and come in a variety of bright colors and a blend of fruit flavors (hence "froot"). However, there is no actual fruit in Froot Loops.[1] Kellogg's introduced Froot Loops in September 1962. Originally, there were red, orange, and yellow loops, but green, purple, and blue were added during the 1990s.

Contents [hide]
1 Mascots
2 Varieties
3 In popular culture
4 References
5 External links
Mascots[edit]
Toucan Sam has been the mascot of Froot Loops since its introduction. Toucan Sam is a blue anthropomorphic toucan; the colors of his bill correspond to the three original froot loop colors. He is portrayed to have the ability to smell out Froot Loops from great distances and invariably locates a concealed bowl of the cereal while intoning, "Follow my nose! For the fruity taste that shows!"

Varieties[edit]
Kelloggs made several varieties of scientific foods, including snack bags called Snack Ums. Snack Ums were similar to the cereal, but larger. Their slogan was "Super-sized bites with deliciously intense natural fruit flavors"..."Flavor Bursting!"[2] Froot Loops branding by Kellogg's was also used with the Froot Loops cereal bar.[3]

Due to controversies over whether or not the individual loops in Froot Loops are actually different flavors, Time.com correspondent Melissa Locker released a 2014 article entitled "Breaking Breakfast News: Froot Loops Are All the Same Flavor," in which Locker cited Kellogg's admission that the individual loops in Froot Loops are actually all the same flavor. "If you fainted into your cereal bowl after reading that," Locker explains, "you’re not alone. We’ve all been misled by those tempting lime green, orange, purple, yellow and red loops into thinking they are lime, orange, grape, lemon and cherry and/or strawberry flavored, when, in fact, they all the same flavor. That flavor? 'Froot,' which according to Wikipedia, stems from 'a blend of fruit flavors.'"

In the Summer of December 2012, Kellogg's introduced Froot Loops to the UK market for a limited time with only the secondary colors (orange, green and purple) included as natural color substitutes for red, yellow and blue could not be found. The recipe was also different from the US version, which Kellogg's said was 'due to European legislation we have been unable to produce Froot Loops to the same specifications as the US product. The formulations are different, including sugar and salt levels and the UK version has been produced with natural food additives and flavourings which will account for the differences in appearance and taste between the two products'. In September 2012 Kellogg's removed Froot Loops from the UK market due to a lack of demand for the cereal; however, by mid-2013, Froot Loops appear to have been added back.

In popular culture[edit]

A bowl of Froot Loops cereal
Froot Loops was often featured on the television show All in the Family as a favorite cereal of Archie Bunker.[citation needed] Froot Loops is also often mentioned on the television sitcom Two and a Half Men as Jake's favorite cereal, after Frankenberry.[citation needed] British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver called Sarah Palin a "Froot Loop" for criticizing the Obama administration's healthy eating initiatives.[4]

In The Simpsons episode Bart's Girlfriend, Bart says that Jessica Lovejoy's hair smells like Froot Loops, to which Lisa replies "Oh yeah? Well I eat Froot Loops for breakfast!" The cereal was parodied on All That episode 14. It was also parodied in Tiny Toons Adventures episode "Acme Cable TV" in a commercial for "Foot Loops" which featured Gogo Dodo (parodying Toucan Sam) trying to convince Shirley to eat them as an alternative to granola, without success. Eddie Murphy referenced Froot Loops in his 1983 stand-up comedy routine "Delirious".[citation needed]

In the Seinfeld episode The Betrayal, Cosmo Kramer spills a bowl of Froot Loops on the kitchen counter of his neighbour Jerry Seinfeld. In a panic he sweeps the spilled Froot Loops and milk into the cutlery drawer. Later in the episode when Jerry opens the drawer he remarks "This drawer is full of Froot Loops.... And milk!"

Howard Wolowitz from The Big Bang Theory was given "Froot Loops" as his astronaut nickname by Michael Massimino during the 15th episode of the 5th Season of the sitcom and it was used during the early episodes of the sixth season while he was at the International Space Station.[citation needed] In Big Brother USA's Season 14, houseguest Willie Hantz referenced Froot Loops in what has become one of the most remembered tirades in the show's history: "I'm not gonna be awkward. I'm a f***ing grown-a** man. And when I come in and get something to eat, I'm gonna f***ing sit down there and eat some f***ing food, Froot Loops or whatever, cuz that's what I wanna do. And I'm gonna come out here and smoke and I don't give a f*** who's out here!"[citation needed]

In the Stargate SG-1 episode "Window of Opportunity", the characters Col. Jack O'Neill and Teal'c are caught in a causality loop, a repeated loop of time akin to the movie Groundhog Day, and O'Neill begins each loop by eating a bowl of Froot Loops. The producers of the show admitted that his eating Froot Loops was completely unintentional given the content of the episode, but they did have to glue the Froot Loops in his spoon to ensure their position would be identical in the beginning of each loop.

A box of Froot Loops can be seen briefly in the music video of "Can We Dance" by The Vamps.

On the MTV show Zach Stone Is Gonna Be Famous, boxes and bowls of the cereal are often seen in Zach's home on the dinner table. The logos on the box however are always covered up with tape so copyright infringement is avoided.

On the 16th season of CBS' long-running reality competition show Big Brother, houseguest Zach Rance invented the phrase "Froot Loop Dingus," a lighthearted insult to refer to other cast members, including Nicole Franzel upon her nomination. Upon his eviction from the series (and later during a special competition), Rance stood atop a table and sprinkled Froot Loops cereal throughout the living room.

In the sixth episode of season 12 of Two and a Half Men ,'Alan Shot a Little Girl', Louis want a pack of Froot Loops and will not move from the cereal section unless he gets it. Later he was forcibly pulled out of the superstore by Alan and Walden.

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Roblox, stylized as RŌBLOX, is a massively multiplayer online game created and marketed toward children and teenagers aged 8–18. In the game, players are able to create their own virtual world, in which they or other members may enter and socialize within the blocks of varying shapes, sizes, and colors.[2] Games on Roblox can be scripted using a sandboxed edition of Lua 5.1, to affect events that occur in-game and create different scenarios. The company's main source of revenue comes from the "Builders Club" virtual benefits, in which users who have created an account may purchase either Builders Club, Turbo Builders Club, or Outrageous Builders Club, otherwise known by users as BC, TBC, and OBC, respectively.[3]

Contents [hide]
1 History and development
1.1 Development and Beta (2004-2006)
1.2 Early history (2006–2009)
1.3 Exclusive features and game features (2010–2012)
1.4 Contemporary history (2012–present)
2 Gameplay
2.1 Social interaction
2.2 World construction
2.3 Economy and currency
2.4 Mobile gameplay
2.5 Holiday traditions
3 Moderation
4 Upgrades
5 Relief funds
6 Events
6.1 Roblox Rally 2011
6.2 Roblox Game Conference 2012
6.3 Bloxcon 2013
6.4 2013 Roblox Film Festival
6.5 Monthly Bloxcasts
6.6 2014 Tour
7 References
8 Website
History and development
Roblox was created by founder and co-founder David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and officially launched into its beta version, titled "Dynablocks" in 2005. It wasn't long before "Dynablocks" was renamed to ROBLOX and the website was officially launched in 2006.[4] It was named after a portmanteau of the words robots and blocks.[5]

Development and Beta (2004-2006)
David Baszucki and Erik Cassel founded ROBLOX, then known as Dynablocks, in 2004. After a year of development, Dynablocks was renamed ROBLOX and was launched into Beta in 2005. In 2005, people could gain the cuurency at that time, Roblox Points, by completing single-player minigames developed by other users. In 2006, Roblox was officially released and more users registered.

Early history (2006–2009)
In early 2006, Roblox had one currency, known as Roblox Points, which was subsequently discontinued and replaced with "Tickets" and "Robux". In mid-2007, Roblox added more customization to user characters to allow items such as hairpieces to be worn.[6] Roblox badges were first introduced on 22 December 2006.[7] Meshes were added, and so were the abilities of sending friend requests to other players, and sending messages. Other things accomplished in 2006 were searching through players, places, and items, multiplayer places, stats, and inventories.[8]

In 2007, character customization became possible.[9] In late January, the abuse report queue was introduced, with the ability for any user to report content as inappropriate through the "Report Abuse" buttons disseminated throughout the site.[10] In March 2007, Roblox became compliant with COPPA, with the addition of safe chat, a change which made users who indicated to be under the age of 13 at registration only able to communicate by selecting predefined messages from a menu.[11] In August 2007, Roblox added Builders Club, a premium membership, and applied server improvements.[12]

Exclusive features and game features (2010–2012)
In 2010, Roblox began creating body shapes which Builders Club members could purchase using virtual currency.[13] These body shapes were available in the catalog as packages, which included many items that were all obtained when the package was bought. These packages varied in size and price and occasionally went on sale.

In the year 2011, more than 5.4 million games were created by users.[14]

At the Roblox Game Conference, Roblox released a system that allowed members with a premium membership to trade collectible items with other users who have Builders Club. Over time, other features have been added to the system such as increasing the value of a trade, adding Robux to a trade, and owning and trading multiple copies of the same collectible item.[15]

On 13 January 2012, Roblox announced on the blog that their first Hack Week had been held. The post announcing it described it as a week where developers worked on projects they chose that they then had to present to the company and that, if considered interesting, could be put further work on.[16] Projects worked on by developers were later described by blog posts during the rest of the year. They included the implementation of the possibility for user interface elements to rotate,[17] which was later added to the game engine, the exploration of a system for crafting items,[18] the suggestion of a system that would allow game developers to connect many games together,[19] which was also later added to the engine[20] and the creation of a mobile website to replace the normal website for tablets and cell phones.[21]

On 5 June 2012, Roblox announced that a new water material was released to add to the existing collection of "high scalability" terrain cell materials.[22]

On 11 December 2012, Roblox released the ability to play games on iOS.[23][24][25][26][27] The current iOS devices compatible with running Roblox games are the iPad 2 and newer devices including mini, iPhone 4 or newer, and the iPod touch 5th generation. The mobile Roblox application gives users the ability to customize their character, shop in the virtual catalog, play games, view their profile, and respond to messages. Previous to the release of the mobile Roblox application, the company created 20 virtual Roblox tablets. Players who purchased one received a brand new iPad 3.[28]

On 21 December 2012, featherweight parts were introduced. This feature enhanced game performance heavily by decreasing the usage of file space for each part in a place.[29]

Contemporary history (2012–present)
The co-founder of Roblox, Erik Cassel, died on the morning of 11 February 2013 after a three-year battle with cancer.[30] The safe chat feature was removed and was replaced by a system based on a whitelist for users under 13 years old and on a blacklist for other users. This new system allows users under the age of 13 to create content on the website, which they were not able to do previously. It applies to all parts of the website and to in-game chat.[31] The lighting system was improved with the addition of dynamic lights implemented in a voxel-based fashion.[32][33] Dynamic lights were later added to the mobile version of Roblox.[34][35] Recently[when?], animations have made a debut in Roblox, with an overhaul of the default Roblox character animations. In December 2013, an animation plugin was made available to be used. Users also became able to insert basic humanoids through the interface of the studio.[36] Around August 2013, the minimum price for catalog items increased from 1 ticket or 1 Robux to 300 tickets and 25 Robux[citation needed], but this was met by criticism from the community,[by whom?] and it was reduced to 100 tickets and 10 Robux. On October 11, 2013, body packages became available to all members of Roblox, including those who did not have a premium membership.[37] On 1 October 2013, ROBLOX released a feature called Developer's Exchange. The feature allows users to exchange their Robux into USD. The requirements to use the program are a minimum threshold of 100,000 Robux, Outrageous Builders Club, and a valid Paypal account. The current trade ratio is 500 to 1.[38] On 22 October 2013, players became able to change their usernames to an unused one for 1000 Robux. The feature also allows the player's original name to be saved in case a user wishes to change back.[39] On October 14, 2014, one badge was retired and all other badges were redesigned.

Gameplay
Players can customize their virtual characters with hundreds of different hats, head shapes, body shapes, clothing, and gear. Players may create their own articles of clothing, which allows for a more personalized in-game experience. However, selling player-created articles of clothing and collectible items require Builders Club, but non-premium players may still create T-shirts, which are decals attached to the front of a player's torso.


A second generation ROBLOX character.
Social interaction
Players can add other people they meet in the game to their friends list. Since 2011, this can be done inside a game.[40] From the friends list, players can select up to 20 friends as their best friends. Players can set their profile status for their best friends to view on their news feed.[41] Players also have the option join community groups.[42] After joining, players can then advertise their group,[43] participate in group relations,[44] and set their primary group.[45] On the website and in game, users who are under 13 years old can only use specific words that are part of a whitelist maintained by the Roblox moderators. In contrast, users who are over 13 years old can use any word except words that are part of a blacklist.

World construction

Editing using Roblox Studio 2013.
Players construct games with building bricks or blocks that vary in size, shape, and color using Roblox Studio, a program used for customizing places. Players can use the programming language Lua to dynamically change the environment of the game.[46] Also, plugins can be developed with Lua to be used in Roblox Studio.[47] Roblox Studio was at February 2013[48] replaced with its successor, Roblox Studio 2013. The second version of Studio features a more organized layout, static code analysis, and a new design. Players were initially having problems with the screen shaking, the inability to select parts, and crashes during the first few weeks of the release.[citation needed] Now, there is a bug involving ROBLOX Studio when it is edited from website and clicking Edit.

Economy and currency
Roblox includes two virtual currencies: tickets and Robux. They can be converted from one to the other with the currency exchange.[49][50] Tickets are earned for a variety of activities, such as when places are visited, as a daily login bonus, or for item sales including clothing. In-game items can be sold for either a set price in any type of currency, allowing the buyer to choose which currency they pay with. Robux is earned daily by premium members in varying amounts depending on the user's type of membership. Robux can also be earned through sale of virtual goods or can be purchased directly with money.

Mobile gameplay
Roblox can be played on many Android devices, as well as the iPad 2, the iPhone 4, the iPod touch 5th generation or any successor to one of those Apple devices.[citation needed] This is done with the Roblox application which can be obtained from the application store. The application allows purchasing items from the catalog that are not available for users not using the mobile application using the currency system of iTunes. The application can be used to view the user's inventory, friends, groups and messages. It can also be used to purchase upgrades (premium memberships or Robux) with the currency system provided by iTunes.

During the alpha period, only selected places could be played from the application.[citation needed] The application is now stable and allows any place to be played. However, many places are not adapted to be played on the mobiles, which can result in games being too slow or some games being impossible to play because of the controls that are not available on mobile computers.

Holiday traditions
During holidays like Easter, Halloween, or Christmas, Roblox will occasionally adapt the website to resemble the season. For example, in Halloween, the website theme will be black, orange, and purple, with a pumpkin representing the "o" in Roblox. In Easter, Roblox sets up a level where players can search the world for "eggs" to collect and earn as hats for their character. On Halloween and Christmas, Roblox creates "gifts" that the players can earn or buy. After they are no longer obtainable, the gifts will open after a set period and give players a specific unique item.

Moderation
As Roblox moderators work to maintain a safe environment for children, many aspects of the site are moderated, such as the game's forum and chat logs.[51][52] If a player violates the conditions of use, a moderation action may be taken on the account, which may be terminated or prevented from using the website for a determined period. When a player's account is deactivated, other users are no longer able to view the user's profile, statistics, or inventory (the profile will be replaced by the message "The item you requested does not exist"), though they can still play games created by the player. Inappropriate usernames are changed to "[Content Deleted]" with several numbers afterwards and the usual removal of the ability to view the profile; similarly, the name of content also deemed inappropriate is also changed to "[Content Deleted]".[52]

Upgrades
Roblox is free to play, although members may purchase memberships to enhance their game experience. One membership option, Builders Club, grants players multiple amenities, including a daily virtual currency stipend of 15 Robux per day. Cards are available for sale in the US, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and in the UK.[3] In addition to normal game cards, Roblox released Double Peg cards, which are larger than the original cards and have two distinctive "pegs" located on the top.

Relief funds
In 2010, Roblox published two hats in the virtual catalog that players could purchase to fund for earthquake relief for the Haiti earthquake. They were named the "Blue Hat for Haiti", and the "Red Hat for Haiti". For every player who bought the blue hat, Roblox had donated 10 cents to the Red Cross Relief Fund to help Haiti recover.[53] For every player who bought the Red Hat, Roblox had donated 65 cents to the Red Cross[54] Roblox donated at least $5479 to the Red Cross Relief Fund because of this, after a week of the hats being on sale.[55] In 2011, Roblox also published two hats that players could purchase to raise money for Japan after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The Rising Sun Cap and the Japanese Baseball Cap were put into the catalog for players to buy. For every Rising Sun Cap that players bought, Roblox had donated $1.00 to the Red Cross. For every Japanese Baseball Cap that players bought, Roblox had donated 10 cents to the Red Cross.[56][57][58] After only two days of the hats being on sale, $10,445.80 was raised, from 23935 hats being sold.[56][57][58]

In 2013, Roblox published a hat after the death of their co-founder, Erik Cassel. Every time the hat was bought, Roblox had donated money toward cancer research, as cancer was the cause of Cassel's death.[59]

Again in 2013, Roblox published two hats after Typhoon Haiyan. For every hat that a player bought, Roblox had either donated 10 cents or 65 cents depending on the hat.[citation needed]

Events
Every year, the Roblox staff travels to a center and hosts a convention where players can go and meet the administrators and view demonstrations.

Roblox Rally 2011
The 2011 convention was held at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, California on 1 August 2011.[citation needed] At the time, the convention was named the Roblox Rally. Attendants received a free poster, a T-shirt, water bottle, and their own lanyard. Each player who attended also received a free lunch of their choice.

Roblox Game Conference 2012
In 2012, the convention was held at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, California on 14 July 2012.[citation needed] The convention was again renamed, this time as the Roblox Game Conference. Attendees received a poster, and their own lanyard. If tickets were purchased before certain dates, they would also receive extra items such as a T-shirt, a water bottle, virtual gear or a virtual visor, or a combination of these.

Bloxcon 2013
For the first time in its history, the Roblox convention was held outside of its home state. There were three different conventions, each hosted on a separate date.

The first one was held on 13 July 2013, at the Museum of Science and Industry, in Chicago, Illinois.[60]
The second Bloxcon was held on 27 July 2013, at the Royal Air Force Museum in London, England, just a mere two weeks after the first one.[citation needed]
The third Bloxcon was held at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City, New York on 10 August 2013.[citation needed]
The final Bloxcon was announced in June. The final convention was the Virtual Bloxcon and was held on 21 September 2013.[citation needed]
2013 Roblox Film Festival
There was a Roblox Film Festival in 2013 which had been previously announced on the blog and which started in late April and ended at midnight on 3 June 2013. Players were allowed to choose from a variety of categories, some applying to the Bloxcon events and create a short video of varying time lengths. For example, a user might enter a video showing what London is like. The winning video picked from each category relating to a Bloxcon was shown at the actual event. The prize is an award under the moniker "BLOXY", mocking the Oscars.[61]

Monthly Bloxcasts
On 23 November 2013, it was announced on the blog[62] that beginning 7 December 2013, a livestream titled Bloxcast would take place every month lasting about one hour and a half. The Bloxcasts will feature live gameplay from the staff, Q&A sessions, and announcements involving the game and updates.

2014 Tour
On 8 March 2014, ROBLOX announced that they had partnered with the Maker Faire organization to hold their conventions in the form of a tour. Beginning in April, ROBLOX booths would be staffed by the players in their specified city's Maker Faire. A minimum of eight people are needed to run a booth, and if twenty five people commit to staffing the booth, a ROBLOX staff member will attend the event. The tour runs through the end of 2014.[63]
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18 Dec 2014 05:20 AM
stupid brits
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grats guys u lagged school pc
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